SAS metadata is used for authorization but it's not used for authentication. It sounds like your site has configured host authentication which is why proper privileges must be assigned to users on the host operating system.
SAS Studio requires that users have the correct permissions on the host operating system so that workspace server sessions (sas.exe) can be launched under each user's Windows ID. The host operating system privileges that users must have to use workspace server based clients like SAS Studio are covered in the SAS® 9.4 Intelligence Platform: Security Administration Guide under Fundamentals > User Administration > Windows Privileges. These privileges are required for any workspace server based client in a Windows environment using host authentication, including SAS Enterprise Guide and DI Studio.
Usually administrators will create a Windows user group named something like "SAS Server Users", make sure the group has the necessary privileges, then add users to the group as needed.
You can also consider configuring an alternate authentication mechanism like Integrated Windows Authentication (IWA) or SAS Token Authentication.