thank you so much. I didn't know about invisible character before. I think like what you said, they're not space. I searched whole afternoon online trying to learn more about this special character. I guess in my case, the special character is generated in data creation input step. I tried the code cbsa_title = translate(cbsa_title,' ','090A0DA0'x); you've listed. It didn't work in my case. Is it likely due to the fact that special characters in my case is not in '090A0DA0'x format? These stuff are very new to me, I'm trying to digest. I searched translate function online, didn't find much about what I can put in the third argument https://support.sas.com/documentation/cdl/en/lefunctionsref/63354/HTML/default/viewer.htm#p05ww22zp7lcg3n1bjk7v93tscyo.htm Thank you very much
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