> What can I do to import this data without data loss? I do not understand transcoding.
You need a SAS session that can understand and store these characters. If your SAS session has no means of recognising some characters, it will replace them. UTF-8 is the de-facto standard nowadays. Run a SAS session using UTF-8 encoding, store the data in UTF-8-encoded data sets and all will be saved.
Of course, you now have different issues: 1) These data sets can only be fully read by sessions that also understand these characters, and 2) you now have multi-bytes characters in your strings.
This might be a good read about smart quotes: https://www.sas.com/content/dam/SAS/support/en/sas-global-forum-proceedings/2020/4561-2020.pdf
and this too https://documentation.sas.com/doc/en/pgmsascdc/9.4_3.5/nlsref/n15e31tqdv020en1fok7tp4l9zd5.htm
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