Reading the documentation both the dot and bracket notation should work. I don't understand how the syntax for the dot notation would need to look like but it appears using brackets returns the result you're after.
proc cas;
count = {"one", "two", "three"};
do x over count;
print x;
temp_dict[x] = x;
end;
print temp_dict;
run;quit;
one
two
three
{one=one,two=two,three=three}
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