If the source have no records, I can't really see the benefit of aborting the job prematurely since the following steps shouldn't require any resource with no observations.
Nevertheless, I don't think that there's an out of the box functionality. One of many ways to handle would be to either write user written code to analyse the source table, or insert code to the post process of the extract transformation to check the result set (remember to create table - not view). Check the result and and issue the appropriate abort/abend/endsas statement.
There is a Condition Start/End transformations, but I think they are a bit over the top to use here, I think they make sense if wish to avoid part of the job, not if you wish to terminate immediately.
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