In UNIX, deleting a file starts with removing a directory entry. So the necessary permission for deleting a file is the write permission on the directory; if you also need to be able to create files there, removing the write permission is not feasible.
One trick you can do from the OS: create a second physical (within the same physical filesystem) link to the file (ln command). If you accidentally remove the first link, the second link will prevent the actual delete (which means removing the inode and freeing the used clusters), and you can recreate the original directory entry.
Having a system backup (daily/incremental) is a total must, of course.
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