As you mentioned you already have a table with all the relevant information for all the users.
You can use the Row Level Security functionality to just show the information for the user logged in.
For this to work you need to set a conditional GRANT on the table in question.
There are various ways of doing this, for instance using the CLI tool sas-set-metadata-access, here is an example:
sas-set-metadata-access -profile SASAdmin "/Shared Data/SAS Visual Analytics/Public/LASR/USERINFO_TEST(Table)" -grant sasusers:Read -condition "userId contains 'SUB::SAS.Userid'"
Another way is using the SAS Visual Analytics Adminstrator, aseen here
https://communities.sas.com/t5/SAS-Visual-Analytics/SAS-Visual-Analytics-7-3-Row-Level-Security/m-p/...
You will find more information on how to use Row Level Security in this paper:
http://support.sas.com/resources/papers/proceedings16/SAS6660-2016.pdf