If SQL Server provides a method to create a table from this information, you can retrieve that to SAS.
The equivalent to the SAS dictionary tables seem to be (I just googled a little) the system tables aka System Catalog Views in SQL Server. To know how to query them to find the primary keys, you best ask in a forum oriented on MS SQL Server.
Good news: We've extended SAS Hackathon registration until Sept. 12, so you still have time to be part of our biggest event yet – our five-year anniversary!