data cnt;
set ds;
by Age;
retain count;
if first.Age then count=1;
else count+1;
proc print ; run;
How to get same output using proc sql
You don't. The proper tool for this is the data step, so you use it.
You are much better off spending your brain cycles on learning how to deal with real-life issues, instead of wasting them on things that you will never encounter in a professional SAS life.