Then this should work:
data have;
input flg :$1. in_flow :$3. out_flow :$3. value $;
datalines;
N OUT XX 1
N XX IN 2
Y OUT XX 3
Y XX IN 4
X X X 5
;
proc sql;
create table want as
select
have.*,
CASE
WHEN FLG = 'N' and UPCASE (IN_FLOW) = 'OUT' THEN (input(VALUE, BEST32.) * (-1))
when FLG = 'Y' and UPCASE (OUT_FLOW) = 'IN' THEN (input(VALUE, BEST32.) * (-1))
ELSE (input(VALUE, BEST32.))
END as AMT
from have;
quit;
Note that, in the CASE clause, every THEN needs a WHEN.
Here's an equivalent alternative definition of AMT:
(-1)**(flg='N' & upcase(in_flow)='OUT' | flg='Y' & upcase(out_flow)='IN')*input(value,32.) as AMT
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