The dot is a decimal point. In some languages such as FORTRAN, C, and Python, there is a difference between floating point numbers and integer numbers. The person who wrote this example was probably a programmer in one of these languages and was probably used to using decimal points to emphasize floating point computations.
SAS IML does not distinguish between numerical types. Every number is a double-precision floating point number. Thus, the example can also be written as
y1 = 10 * (x[2] - x[1] * x[1]);
y2 = 1 - x[1];