Proc SSM referencing variable limit based on by group

[Hao3]

Hi,

I am running a batch of Proc SSM for each stock on each day.

I would like to set upper limit to one of the variable. The limit varies from stock-day to stock-day.

I tried to reference a column that changes values depending on the stock-day. 

Did not work. Can only put in numerical value.

My instinct is that some sort of macro can load up and reference these values (Upper_limit_Var1 below). 

Much appreciated.

Hao

Data:

Code Date  Time Log_Prices    Upper_limit_Var1

A          1       9:00           0.1              0.9

A          1      9:30          0.12              0.9

......

A           1      4:00          0.11             0.9

A           2      9:00          0.111           0.81

.............

B          1       9:00          0.51             0.6

..............

SAS Code:

ods listing close;
ods output ConvergenceStatus = Convergence;
ods output SmoothedComponent = Smooth;
ods output NamedParameterEstimates = pe;
 proc ssm data=SSM1 optimizer(maxiter=300); 
 by code date;
    parms var1 / lower=(1.e-8) upper = (Upper_limit_Var1);
    parms var2 / lower=(1.e-8) ;
	parms var3 / lower = (-1) upper = (1);
 ..........
 quit;
ods listing;

[sbxkoenk]

Hello,

Maybe @rselukar can help ...

Thanks,

Koen

[sbxkoenk]

Hello @Hao3 ,

I read your topic title again and see there's only one limit per by-group.
In that case, it's really easy.

You can use a macro or rather data-driven code generation (i.e. data step with 'file' and 'put' , then %INCLUDE).

The execution might be a little slower since the generated code will do one PROC SSM per by-group (instead of one PROC SSM for all by-groups), but the results will be the results you want to achieve.

I will post an example later today (no time right now) !

Cheers,

Koen

[sbxkoenk]

Here's an example :

title; footnote;
title1 'Gas Furnace Data';
title2 '(Box and Jenkins, Series J)';
data seriesj;
    input x y @@;
    label x = 'Input Gas Rate'
          y = 'Output CO2';
   x3 = lag3(x);
   x4 = lag4(x);
   x5 = lag5(x);
   obsIndex = _n_;
   label obsIndex = 'Observation Index';
cards;
-0.109  53.8  0.000  53.6  0.178  53.5  0.339  53.5
 0.373  53.4  0.441  53.1  0.461  52.7  0.348  52.4
 0.127  52.2 -0.180  52.0 -0.588  52.0 -1.055  52.4
-1.421  53.0 -1.520  54.0 -1.302  54.9 -0.814  56.0
-0.475  56.8 -0.193  56.8  0.088  56.4  0.435  55.7
 0.771  55.0  0.866  54.3  0.875  53.2  0.891  52.3
 0.987  51.6  1.263  51.2  1.775  50.8  1.976  50.5
 1.934  50.0  1.866  49.2  1.832  48.4  1.767  47.9
 1.608  47.6  1.265  47.5  0.790  47.5  0.360  47.6
 0.115  48.1  0.088  49.0  0.331  50.0  0.645  51.1
 0.960  51.8  1.409  51.9  2.670  51.7  2.834  51.2
 2.812  50.0  2.483  48.3  1.929  47.0  1.485  45.8
 1.214  45.6  1.239  46.0  1.608  46.9  1.905  47.8
 2.023  48.2  1.815  48.3  0.535  47.9  0.122  47.2
 0.009  47.2  0.164  48.1  0.671  49.4  1.019  50.6
 1.146  51.5  1.155  51.6  1.112  51.2  1.121  50.5
 1.223  50.1  1.257  49.8  1.157  49.6  0.913  49.4
 0.620  49.3  0.255  49.2 -0.280  49.3 -1.080  49.7
-1.551  50.3 -1.799  51.3 -1.825  52.8 -1.456  54.4
-0.944  56.0 -0.570  56.9 -0.431  57.5 -0.577  57.3
-0.960  56.6 -1.616  56.0 -1.875  55.4 -1.891  55.4
-1.746  56.4 -1.474  57.2 -1.201  58.0 -0.927  58.4
-0.524  58.4  0.040  58.1  0.788  57.7  0.943  57.0
 0.930  56.0  1.006  54.7  1.137  53.2  1.198  52.1
 1.054  51.6  0.595  51.0 -0.080  50.5 -0.314  50.4
-0.288  51.0 -0.153  51.8 -0.109  52.4 -0.187  53.0
-0.255  53.4 -0.229  53.6 -0.007  53.7  0.254  53.8
 0.330  53.8  0.102  53.8 -0.423  53.3 -1.139  53.0
-2.275  52.9 -2.594  53.4 -2.716  54.6 -2.510  56.4
-1.790  58.0 -1.346  59.4 -1.081  60.2 -0.910  60.0
-0.876  59.4 -0.885  58.4 -0.800  57.6 -0.544  56.9
-0.416  56.4 -0.271  56.0  0.000  55.7  0.403  55.3
 0.841  55.0  1.285  54.4  1.607  53.7  1.746  52.8
 1.683  51.6  1.485  50.6  0.993  49.4  0.648  48.8
 0.577  48.5  0.577  48.7  0.632  49.2  0.747  49.8
 0.900  50.4  0.993  50.7  0.968  50.9  0.790  50.7
 0.399  50.5 -0.161  50.4 -0.553  50.2 -0.603  50.4
-0.424  51.2 -0.194  52.3 -0.049  53.2  0.060  53.9
 0.161  54.1  0.301  54.0  0.517  53.6  0.566  53.2
 0.560  53.0  0.573  52.8  0.592  52.3  0.671  51.9
 0.933  51.6  1.337  51.6  1.460  51.4  1.353  51.2
 0.772  50.7  0.218  50.0 -0.237  49.4 -0.714  49.3
-1.099  49.7 -1.269  50.6 -1.175  51.8 -0.676  53.0
 0.033  54.0  0.556  55.3  0.643  55.9  0.484  55.9
 0.109  54.6 -0.310  53.5 -0.697  52.4 -1.047  52.1
-1.218  52.3 -1.183  53.0 -0.873  53.8 -0.336  54.6
 0.063  55.4  0.084  55.9  0.000  55.9  0.001  55.2
 0.209  54.4  0.556  53.7  0.782  53.6  0.858  53.6
 0.918  53.2  0.862  52.5  0.416  52.0 -0.336  51.4
-0.959  51.0 -1.813  50.9 -2.378  52.4 -2.499  53.5
-2.473  55.6 -2.330  58.0 -2.053  59.5 -1.739  60.0
-1.261  60.4 -0.569  60.5 -0.137  60.2 -0.024  59.7
-0.050  59.0 -0.135  57.6 -0.276  56.4 -0.534  55.2
-0.871  54.5 -1.243  54.1 -1.439  54.1 -1.422  54.4
-1.175  55.5 -0.813  56.2 -0.634  57.0 -0.582  57.3
-0.625  57.4 -0.713  57.0 -0.848  56.4 -1.039  55.9
-1.346  55.5 -1.628  55.3 -1.619  55.2 -1.149  55.4
-0.488  56.0 -0.160  56.5 -0.007  57.1 -0.092  57.3
-0.620  56.8 -1.086  55.6 -1.525  55.0 -1.858  54.1
-2.029  54.3 -2.024  55.3 -1.961  56.4 -1.952  57.2
-1.794  57.8 -1.302  58.3 -1.030  58.6 -0.918  58.8
-0.798  58.8 -0.867  58.6 -1.047  58.0 -1.123  57.4
-0.876  57.0 -0.395  56.4  0.185  56.3  0.662  56.4
 0.709  56.4  0.605  56.0  0.501  55.2  0.603  54.0
 0.943  53.0  1.223  52.0  1.249  51.6  0.824  51.6
 0.102  51.1  0.025  50.4  0.382  50.0  0.922  50.0
 1.032  52.0  0.866  54.0  0.527  55.1  0.093  54.5
-0.458  52.8 -0.748  51.4 -0.947  50.8 -1.029  51.2
-0.928  52.0 -0.645  52.8 -0.424  53.8 -0.276  54.5
-0.158  54.9 -0.033  54.9  0.102  54.8  0.251  54.4
 0.280  53.7  0.000  53.3 -0.493  52.8 -0.759  52.6
-0.824  52.6 -0.740  53.0 -0.528  54.3 -0.204  56.0
 0.034  57.0  0.204  58.0  0.253  58.6  0.195  58.5
 0.131  58.3  0.017  57.8 -0.182  57.3 -0.262  57.0
;
run;

data Seriesj_exp;
 set Seriesj(firstobs=6);
 if      mod(_N_,2) =0 then do; grpby = 'grp1'; delta_upper_limit=0.40; end;
 else if mod(_N_,2)^=0 then do; grpby = 'grp2'; delta_upper_limit=0.30; end;
 else                       do; grpby = 'grp3'; delta_upper_limit=0.20; end;
run;

proc sort data=Seriesj_exp; by grpby obsIndex; run;

PROC FREQ data=Seriesj_exp;
 tables grpby * delta_upper_limit / list out=work.delta_upper_limit;
run;

filename deltaul clear;
filename deltaul temp;
data _NULL_;
 set work.delta_upper_limit;
 file deltaul;
PUT 'title "A Transfer Function Model for the Gas Furnace Data (group=' grpby +(-1) ')";';
PUT 'proc ssm data=Seriesj_exp;';
PUT '    where grpby="' grpby +(-1) '";';
PUT '    id obsIndex;';
PUT '    parms delta /lower=-0.9999 upper=' delta_upper_limit ';';
PUT '    state tfstate(1) T(g)=(delta) W(g)=(x3 x4 x5) a1(1) checkbreak;';
PUT '    comp tfinput = tfstate[1];';
PUT '    trend ar2(arma(p=2)) ;';
PUT '    intercept = 1;';
PUT '    model y = intercept tfinput ar2 ;';
PUT '    eval modelCurve = intercept + tfinput;';
PUT '    forecast out=For;';
PUT 'run;';
run;

title; footnote;
%INCLUDE deltaul / source2;
title; footnote;
filename deltaul clear;
/* end of program */

Koen

[Hao3]

Thanks Koen,

I think I can vaguely infer what is being done here.
The sticking point for me is my complete lack of understanding on Macros.
May I ask a few follow up questions:

1. I rely on the ODS output function to collect the fitted estimates such as the state time series and parameter estimates. The HTML output crashes always with that many by groups.
I wonder whether/where those were incorporate in your code?

2. The by group seems to be your 'grpby' variable. Does that mean I need to flatten my double by group (stock and day) into just one?

[sbxkoenk]

---

@Hao3 wrote:

1. I rely on the ODS output function to collect the fitted estimates such as the state time series and parameter estimates. The HTML output crashes always with that many by groups.
I wonder whether/where those were incorporate in your code?

2. The by group seems to be your 'grpby' variable. Does that mean I need to flatten my double by group (stock and day) into just one?

---

1. Your HTML becomes too big.

Use ODS EXCLUDE or ODS SELECT statement to ban / select the specified output objects.

Size of output is reduced that way!

2. No need to flatten / collapse into one variable!

In the WHERE clause , you can specify 2nd group-var (and value) after 'AND' operator.
Or you can work with 'WHERE ALSO'.

You need an example?

Koen

[Hao3]

Yes, please. That would greatly help.

Additionally, similar to setting the parameter limit per by group, I need to set the initial state per by group.

If possible, some notes on where the macro is loading up the limits/initial states, doing the looping and collecting the estimates would be great.

[Hao3]

Hi Koen,

Is there any examples?

Thanks.

[sbxkoenk]

Sorry.

I forgot about this.

Will post some code tomorrow.

Br,

Koen

[Hao3]

No worries, please take your time. Appreciate it greatly.

[sbxkoenk]

Hello,

I updated my previous program such that it works with 

• two by-group variables and
• an initial condition of the state equation

I want to emphasize I have NOT done it through a macro.
It is using data driven code generation with :

• file statement
• put statements
• %INCLUDE statement

The code is generated in a data _NULL_ step , based on the incoming observations from the dataset on the SET statement. After generation of the temporary file in work space , the file is %INCLUDE-d (submitted).

See the LOG for the generated code.
There are as many PROC SSM 's generated as there are grpby1 * grpby2 combinations ( = # observations in the dataset on the SET statement)!

PROC DATASETS LIBRARY=WORK NoList NoDetails memtype=DATA;
 delete seriesj:           ; run;
 delete count_grpby1_grpby2; run;
 delete for                ; run;
 delete DELTA_UPPER_LIMIT  ; run;
QUIT;

title; footnote;
title1 'Gas Furnace Data';
title2 '(Box and Jenkins, Series J)';
data seriesj;
    input x y @@;
    label x = 'Input Gas Rate'
          y = 'Output CO2';
   x3 = lag3(x);
   x4 = lag4(x);
   x5 = lag5(x);
   obsIndex = _n_;
   label obsIndex = 'Observation Index';
cards;
-0.109  53.8  0.000  53.6  0.178  53.5  0.339  53.5
 0.373  53.4  0.441  53.1  0.461  52.7  0.348  52.4
 0.127  52.2 -0.180  52.0 -0.588  52.0 -1.055  52.4
-1.421  53.0 -1.520  54.0 -1.302  54.9 -0.814  56.0
-0.475  56.8 -0.193  56.8  0.088  56.4  0.435  55.7
 0.771  55.0  0.866  54.3  0.875  53.2  0.891  52.3
 0.987  51.6  1.263  51.2  1.775  50.8  1.976  50.5
 1.934  50.0  1.866  49.2  1.832  48.4  1.767  47.9
 1.608  47.6  1.265  47.5  0.790  47.5  0.360  47.6
 0.115  48.1  0.088  49.0  0.331  50.0  0.645  51.1
 0.960  51.8  1.409  51.9  2.670  51.7  2.834  51.2
 2.812  50.0  2.483  48.3  1.929  47.0  1.485  45.8
 1.214  45.6  1.239  46.0  1.608  46.9  1.905  47.8
 2.023  48.2  1.815  48.3  0.535  47.9  0.122  47.2
 0.009  47.2  0.164  48.1  0.671  49.4  1.019  50.6
 1.146  51.5  1.155  51.6  1.112  51.2  1.121  50.5
 1.223  50.1  1.257  49.8  1.157  49.6  0.913  49.4
 0.620  49.3  0.255  49.2 -0.280  49.3 -1.080  49.7
-1.551  50.3 -1.799  51.3 -1.825  52.8 -1.456  54.4
-0.944  56.0 -0.570  56.9 -0.431  57.5 -0.577  57.3
-0.960  56.6 -1.616  56.0 -1.875  55.4 -1.891  55.4
-1.746  56.4 -1.474  57.2 -1.201  58.0 -0.927  58.4
-0.524  58.4  0.040  58.1  0.788  57.7  0.943  57.0
 0.930  56.0  1.006  54.7  1.137  53.2  1.198  52.1
 1.054  51.6  0.595  51.0 -0.080  50.5 -0.314  50.4
-0.288  51.0 -0.153  51.8 -0.109  52.4 -0.187  53.0
-0.255  53.4 -0.229  53.6 -0.007  53.7  0.254  53.8
 0.330  53.8  0.102  53.8 -0.423  53.3 -1.139  53.0
-2.275  52.9 -2.594  53.4 -2.716  54.6 -2.510  56.4
-1.790  58.0 -1.346  59.4 -1.081  60.2 -0.910  60.0
-0.876  59.4 -0.885  58.4 -0.800  57.6 -0.544  56.9
-0.416  56.4 -0.271  56.0  0.000  55.7  0.403  55.3
 0.841  55.0  1.285  54.4  1.607  53.7  1.746  52.8
 1.683  51.6  1.485  50.6  0.993  49.4  0.648  48.8
 0.577  48.5  0.577  48.7  0.632  49.2  0.747  49.8
 0.900  50.4  0.993  50.7  0.968  50.9  0.790  50.7
 0.399  50.5 -0.161  50.4 -0.553  50.2 -0.603  50.4
-0.424  51.2 -0.194  52.3 -0.049  53.2  0.060  53.9
 0.161  54.1  0.301  54.0  0.517  53.6  0.566  53.2
 0.560  53.0  0.573  52.8  0.592  52.3  0.671  51.9
 0.933  51.6  1.337  51.6  1.460  51.4  1.353  51.2
 0.772  50.7  0.218  50.0 -0.237  49.4 -0.714  49.3
-1.099  49.7 -1.269  50.6 -1.175  51.8 -0.676  53.0
 0.033  54.0  0.556  55.3  0.643  55.9  0.484  55.9
 0.109  54.6 -0.310  53.5 -0.697  52.4 -1.047  52.1
-1.218  52.3 -1.183  53.0 -0.873  53.8 -0.336  54.6
 0.063  55.4  0.084  55.9  0.000  55.9  0.001  55.2
 0.209  54.4  0.556  53.7  0.782  53.6  0.858  53.6
 0.918  53.2  0.862  52.5  0.416  52.0 -0.336  51.4
-0.959  51.0 -1.813  50.9 -2.378  52.4 -2.499  53.5
-2.473  55.6 -2.330  58.0 -2.053  59.5 -1.739  60.0
-1.261  60.4 -0.569  60.5 -0.137  60.2 -0.024  59.7
-0.050  59.0 -0.135  57.6 -0.276  56.4 -0.534  55.2
-0.871  54.5 -1.243  54.1 -1.439  54.1 -1.422  54.4
-1.175  55.5 -0.813  56.2 -0.634  57.0 -0.582  57.3
-0.625  57.4 -0.713  57.0 -0.848  56.4 -1.039  55.9
-1.346  55.5 -1.628  55.3 -1.619  55.2 -1.149  55.4
-0.488  56.0 -0.160  56.5 -0.007  57.1 -0.092  57.3
-0.620  56.8 -1.086  55.6 -1.525  55.0 -1.858  54.1
-2.029  54.3 -2.024  55.3 -1.961  56.4 -1.952  57.2
-1.794  57.8 -1.302  58.3 -1.030  58.6 -0.918  58.8
-0.798  58.8 -0.867  58.6 -1.047  58.0 -1.123  57.4
-0.876  57.0 -0.395  56.4  0.185  56.3  0.662  56.4
 0.709  56.4  0.605  56.0  0.501  55.2  0.603  54.0
 0.943  53.0  1.223  52.0  1.249  51.6  0.824  51.6
 0.102  51.1  0.025  50.4  0.382  50.0  0.922  50.0
 1.032  52.0  0.866  54.0  0.527  55.1  0.093  54.5
-0.458  52.8 -0.748  51.4 -0.947  50.8 -1.029  51.2
-0.928  52.0 -0.645  52.8 -0.424  53.8 -0.276  54.5
-0.158  54.9 -0.033  54.9  0.102  54.8  0.251  54.4
 0.280  53.7  0.000  53.3 -0.493  52.8 -0.759  52.6
-0.824  52.6 -0.740  53.0 -0.528  54.3 -0.204  56.0
 0.034  57.0  0.204  58.0  0.253  58.6  0.195  58.5
 0.131  58.3  0.017  57.8 -0.182  57.3 -0.262  57.0
;
run;

/* As nothing can be assumed about the initial condition of this state equation */
/* , it is taken to be diffuse (as signified by the A1 option).                 */
data Seriesj_exp;
 set Seriesj(firstobs=6);
 if      mod(_N_,2) =0 then do; grpby1 = 'grpby1_1'; end;
 else if mod(_N_,2)^=0 then do; grpby1 = 'grpby1_2'; end;
 else                       do; grpby1 = 'grpby1_3'; end;
 if      mod(_N_,3) =0 then do; grpby2 = 'grpby2_1'; end;
 else if mod(_N_,3) =1 then do; grpby2 = 'grpby2_2'; end;
 else if mod(_N_,3) =2 then do; grpby2 = 'grpby2_3'; end;
 else                       do; grpby2 = 'grpby2_4'; end;

 if      (grpby1 = 'grpby1_1' AND grpby2 = 'grpby2_1') then do; delta_upper_limit=0.40; initial_condition_state='a1(1)'; end;
 else if (grpby1 = 'grpby1_1' AND grpby2 = 'grpby2_2') then do; delta_upper_limit=0.30; initial_condition_state='a1(1)'; end;
 else if (grpby1 = 'grpby1_1' AND grpby2 = 'grpby2_3') then do; delta_upper_limit=0.20; initial_condition_state='a1(1)'; end;
 else if (grpby1 = 'grpby1_2' AND grpby2 = 'grpby2_1') then do; delta_upper_limit=0.40; initial_condition_state='a1(1)'; end;
 else if (grpby1 = 'grpby1_2' AND grpby2 = 'grpby2_2') then do; delta_upper_limit=0.30; initial_condition_state='a1(1)'; end;
 else if (grpby1 = 'grpby1_2' AND grpby2 = 'grpby2_3') then do; delta_upper_limit=0.30; initial_condition_state='a1(1)'; end;
 else                                                       do; delta_upper_limit=0.20; initial_condition_state='a1(1)'; end;
run;

PROC FREQ data=Seriesj_exp;
 tables grpby1 * grpby2 / list out=work.count_grpby1_grpby2;
run;

proc sort data=Seriesj_exp; by grpby1 grpby2 obsIndex; run;

PROC FREQ data=Seriesj_exp;
 tables grpby1 * grpby2 * delta_upper_limit * initial_condition_state / list out=work.delta_upper_limit;
run;

filename deltaul clear;
filename deltaul temp;
data _NULL_;
 set work.delta_upper_limit;
 file deltaul;
PUT 'title1 "A Transfer Function Model for the Gas Furnace Data";';
PUT 'title2 "Gas Furnace Data (grpby1 group_1 =' grpby2 +(-1) ')";';
PUT 'title3 "Gas Furnace Data (grpby2 group_2 =' grpby2 +(-1) ')";';
PUT 'proc ssm data=Seriesj_exp;';
PUT '    where      grpby1="' grpby1 +(-1) '";';
PUT '    where ALSO grpby2="' grpby2 +(-1) '";';
PUT '    id obsIndex;';
PUT '    parms delta /lower=-0.9999 upper=' delta_upper_limit ';';
PUT '    state tfstate(1) T(g)=(delta) W(g)=(x3 x4 x5) ' initial_condition_state ' checkbreak;';
PUT '    comp tfinput = tfstate[1];';
PUT '    trend ar2(arma(p=2)) ;';
PUT '    intercept = 1;';
PUT '    model y = intercept tfinput ar2 ;';
PUT '    eval modelCurve = intercept + tfinput;';
PUT '    forecast out=For;';
PUT 'run;';
run;

title; footnote;
%INCLUDE deltaul / source2;
title; footnote;
filename deltaul clear;
/* end of program */

Cheers,
Koen

[Hao3]

Many thanks Koen,

Unfortunately, after some digging I still am missing a final step: collecting and collating the parameter estimates and convergence statistics.

I did some research but each answer comes with three more questions. I am writing Greek without understanding a single word in Greek.

The closest I get is with the following modification to your code:

I managed to generate parameter estimates with names indexed by the two by groups.

But the collating steps misses two features:

1. The bygroup variable cannot be populated from the PE dataset.

2. The length of PE dataset is having varying length. Never the correct length (6 = 2grpby1*3grpby2).

/*Mod: turning off ODS output to not crash*/
ods graphics off;
ods exclude all;
ods noresults;
/*Koen's main code modified lines are marked as 'mod'*/
filename deltaul clear;
filename deltaul temp;
data _NULL_;
 set work.delta_upper_limit;
 file deltaul;
PUT 'title1 "A Transfer Function Model for the Gas Furnace Data";';
PUT 'title2 "Gas Furnace Data (grpby1 group_1 =' grpby1 +(-1) ')";'; /*Mod: I think you mean 'grpby1' here*/
PUT 'title3 "Gas Furnace Data (grpby2 group_2 =' grpby2 +(-1) ')";';
PUT 'ods output ConvergenceStatus = Convergence' grpby1 +(-1)grpby2 +(-1) ';'; /*Mod: collecting convergence statistics from each by group*/
PUT 'ods output NamedParameterEstimates = pe' grpby1 +(-1)grpby2 +(-1) ';'; /*Mod: collecting Parameter estimates from each by group*/
PUT 'proc ssm data=Seriesj_exp;';
PUT '    where      grpby1="' grpby1 +(-1) '";';
PUT '    where ALSO grpby2="' grpby2 +(-1) '";';
PUT '    id obsIndex;';
PUT '    parms delta /lower=-0.9999 upper=' delta_upper_limit ';';
PUT '    state tfstate(1) T(g)=(delta) W(g)=(x3 x4 x5) ' initial_condition_state ' checkbreak;';
PUT '    comp tfinput = tfstate[1];';
PUT '    trend ar2(arma(p=2)) ;';
PUT '    intercept = 1;';
PUT '    model y = intercept tfinput ar2 ;';
PUT '    eval modelCurve = intercept + tfinput;';
PUT '    forecast out=For;';
PUT 'run;';

/*Mod: attempting to collect parameter estimates (PE) from the double by group and add a flag (bygroup)*/
PUT 'data pe;';
PUT 'set pe pe' grpby1 +(-1)grpby2 +(-1) ';';
PUT 'bygroup = by' grpby1 +(-1)grpby2 +(-1) ';';
PUT 'run;';
run;


title; footnote;
%INCLUDE deltaul / source2;
title; footnote;
filename deltaul clear;
/*Mod: turning ODS output back on*/
ods graphics on;
ods exclude none;
ods results;
/* end of program */

I have added a 'mod' to wherever I made the modfiication.

Would you be able to nudge it into place?

Thanks again.

Hao

[sbxkoenk]

Hi,

Easy to do ...

I will nudge it into place tomorrow (25-FEB).

I would not say you are writing Greek without understanding a single word in Greek.

You are rather writing Latin without understanding a single word in Latin.

(SAS is using the Latin alphabet , not the Greek one) 😉

BR,

Koen

[Hao3]

Thanks in advance Koen,

Well, my son is learning Latin at school.
Hopefully that will help.

[sbxkoenk]

Hello @Hao3 ,

I forgot about this.
Will do it on Saturday (04-MAR-2023).

BR,

Koen