For Excel files, those are data quality processes you need to build in manually unfortunately.
If the file was a text file, then SAS would generate errors with a data step if the types did not match.
EDIT: you can use PROC COMPARE to compare your inputted data to your master table. It identifies mismatches and such.
I find that never quite works the way I want to, so end up rolling my own essentially. You can use the SAS dictionary tables to help support that though.
Something like this could be expanded to check types and such.
https://gist.github.com/statgeek/3b57ae085d9f7a36a2d95c15f04e72e6
Also, use APPEND to combine the data sets so that it enforces the main table structure, then anything else will usually generate an error.