When you deploy Viya it creates a number of PersistentVolumeClaims using the default storage class, unless you override that storage class, for things like the database and configuration server. The storage class has an associated provisioner which is responsible for creating the persistent volume in response to the creation of a claim.
You could similarly create your own PersistentVolumeClaim to house data, user home directories, drivers, etc. The optional customization you've linked is an example of how to mount one of those additional PVCs into the CAS server (you might also want to mount them into the compute server).
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Greg Wootton | Principal Systems Technical Support Engineer