Whether the format is character or numeric is based on the source data, not the output value. If the incoming source data is character, than the format name should begin with a $. If the incoming source data is numeric, then the format name should not begin with a $, but the values to the left of the = should be actual numbers. What you have listed in your original post is a mix of these two, so you can see why people are confused. Also, creating a format with PROC Format, does not actually associate the format with any given variable. It merely creates a template that can be used later. So when you say that you "created the numeric value of Race" using a previous PROC Format, that's not actually accurate. So, if the original input data is numeric then you might use this format: proc format; value Race 1= 'White' other ='Other'; However, if the original input data is character then you might use this format: proc format; value $Race Caucasian = 'White' other = 'Other'; Also, be aware that character formats are case sensitive...
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