travel time-distance time

[alessandrarossi]

Hi,

I should estimate the travel time through SAS and google map, but I can’t.

I’m studying a paper (http://support.sas.com/resources/papers/proceedings10/050-2010.pdf) and the forum (https://communities.sas.com/t5/SAS-Communities-Library/Driving-Distances-and-Drive-Times-using-SAS-a...; https://communities.sas.com/t5/SAS-Communities-Library/Driving-Distances-and-Drive-Times-using-SAS-a...) about the travel time.

I got a API KEY from the google cloud (https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/credentials?project=named-archway-265913).  In particular, I'm trying to execute these commands in sas , but they don’t work.

how should I connect SAS to google Maps?

Could you help me understand where I'm wrong in the syntax?

 Thank you in advance,

Alessandra

Code extracted from the docx by @Kurt_Bremser:

/*
https://communities.sas.com/t5/SAS-Communities-Library/Driving-Distances-and-Drive-Times-using-SAS-and-Google-Maps/ta-p/475839

A macro version of the above that would find the distance from a specified location to a series of other locations with all locations 
in terms of latitude and longitude might look as follows. The example uses a random sample of locations from the data set SASHELP.ZIPCODE 
and finds distances and times to each sample observation from the centroid of zip 12203.*/

* lat/long of first location;
* lat/long of first location;
%let ll1=%str(42.691560,-73.827840);
%let key = AIzaSyAhnuS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0; 
/*Utilizza questa chiave nell'applicazione passandola con il parametro key=API_KEY 
https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/credentials?_ga=2.217755218.-512770767.1579693703&project=named-archway-265913&folder&organizationId*/

 */
* 
create a data set with locations specified in latitude and longitude
a random sample of 5 observations from SASHELP.ZIPCODE
use SEED=0 to get a new sample each time program is run
;
 
proc surveyselect data=sashelp.zipcode (keep=zip city statecode x y) 
                    out=lat_long sampsize=5 seed=0;
run;
 
* 
place number of zip in a macro variable
in this example you know it is 5
but you might not know in another use of the SAS code
;

data _null_;
call symputx('nlls',obs);
stop;
set lat_long nobs=obs;
run;
 
* create a macro that contains a loop to access Google Maps multiple time;
%macro distance_time;
 
* delete any data set named DISTANCE_TIME that might exist in the WORK library;
proc datasets lib=work nolist;
delete distance_time;
quit;
 
%do j=1 %to &nlls;
data _null_;
nrec = &j;
set lat_long point=nrec;
call symputx('ll2',catx(',',y,x));
stop;
run;
 
* lat/long of centroid of zip 12203 hard-coded as part of the URL;
filename x url "https://www.google.com/maps/api/directions/json?origin=&ll1&destination=&ll2&key=&Key";

/*https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/directions/json?origin=Toronto&destination=Montreal&key=YOUR_API_KEY  */

filename z temp;
 
* same technique used in the example with a pair of lat/long coodinates;
data _null_; 
infile x recfm=f lrecl=1 end=eof; 
file z recfm=f lrecl=1;
input @1 x $char1.; 
put @1 x $char1.;
if eof;
call symputx('filesize',_n_);
run;
 
* drive time as a numeric variable;
data temp;
infile z recfm=f lrecl=&filesize. eof=done;
input @ 'miles' +(-15) @ '"' distance :comma12. text $30.;
units    = scan(text,1,'"');
text     = scan(text,3,'"');
* convert times to seconds;
  select;
* combine days and hours;
   when (find(text,'d') ne 0) time = sum(86400*input(scan(text,1,' '),best.), 
                                        3600*input(scan(text,3,' '),best.));
* combine hours and minutes;
   when (find(text,'h') ne 0) time = sum(3600*input(scan(text,1,' '),best.), 
                                        60*input(scan(text,3,' '),best.));
* just minutes;
   otherwise                  time = 60*input(scan(text,1,' '),best.);
  end;
output; 
keep distance time;
stop;
done:
output;
run;
 
filename x clear;
filename z clear;
 
* add an observation to the data set DISTANCE_TIME;
proc append base=distance_time data=temp;
run;
%end;
%mend;
 
* use the macro;
%distance_time;
 
*
add variables from original data set to new data set distance_time
use geodist function to calculate straight line distance
;
data distance_time;
set distance_time;
set lat_long point=_n_;
straight_line = round(geodist(&ll1,-73.827840,y,x,'DM'), 0.01);
run;
 
proc print data=distance_time noobs label;
var x y time distance straight_line zip city statecode;
format zip z5. time time6. ;
run;

[Kurt_Bremser]

Please post the log that you get (copy/paste into a window opened with the {i} button).

[alessandrarossi]

this is the log. Thanks

1 The SAS System 14:16 Wednesday, January 29, 2020

1 ;*';*";*/;quit;run;
2 OPTIONS PAGENO=MIN;
3 %LET _CLIENTTASKLABEL='3_Distanza_tempo.sas';
4 %LET _CLIENTPROCESSFLOWNAME='Standalone Not In Project';
5 %LET _CLIENTPROJECTPATH='';
6 %LET _CLIENTPROJECTPATHHOST='';
7 %LET _CLIENTPROJECTNAME='';
8 %LET _SASPROGRAMFILE='X:\ISTAT\LINEE_DI_ATTIVITA_2019\Aree interne\prg\distanza\3_Distanza_tempo.sas';
9 %LET _SASPROGRAMFILEHOST='ROSSI';
10
11 ODS _ALL_ CLOSE;
12 OPTIONS DEV=SVG;
13 GOPTIONS XPIXELS=0 YPIXELS=0;
14 %macro HTML5AccessibleGraphSupported;
15 %if %_SAS_VERCOMP(9, 4, 4) >= 0 %then ACCESSIBLE_GRAPH;
16 %mend;
17 FILENAME EGHTML TEMP;
18 ODS HTML5(ID=EGHTML) FILE=EGHTML
19 OPTIONS(BITMAP_MODE='INLINE')
20 %HTML5AccessibleGraphSupported
21 ENCODING='utf-8'
22 STYLE=HtmlBlue
23 NOGTITLE
24 NOGFOOTNOTE
25 GPATH=&sasworklocation
26 ;
NOTE: Writing HTML5(EGHTML) Body file: EGHTML
27
28 %let ll1=%str(42.691560,-73.827840);
29 %let key = AIzaSyAhnuS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0;
30
31 *
32 create a data set with locations specified in latitude and longitude
33 a random sample of 5 observations from SASHELP.ZIPCODE
34 use SEED=0 to get a new sample each time program is run
35 ;
36

37 proc surveyselect data=sashelp.zipcode (keep=zip city statecode x y)
38 out=lat_long sampsize=5 seed=0;
39 run;

NOTE: The data set WORK.LAT_LONG has 5 observations and 5 variables.
NOTE: PROCEDURE SURVEYSELECT ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.08 seconds
cpu time 0.09 seconds

40
41 *
42 place number of zip in a macro variable
43 in this example you know it is 5
44 but you might not know in another use of the SAS code
45 ;
46 data _null_;
47 call symputx('nlls',obs);
48 stop;
2 The SAS System 14:16 Wednesday, January 29, 2020

49 set lat_long nobs=obs;
50 run;

NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

51
52 * create a macro that contains a loop to access Google Maps multiple time;
53 %macro distance_time;
54
55 * delete any data set named DISTANCE_TIME that might exist in the WORK library;
56 proc datasets lib=work nolist;
57 delete distance_time;
58 quit;
59
60 %do j=1 %to &nlls;
61 data _null_;
62 nrec = &j;
63 set lat_long point=nrec;
64 call symputx('ll2',catx(',',y,x));
65 stop;
66 run;
67
68 * lat/long of centroid of zip 12203 hard-coded as part of the URL;
69 filename x url "https://www.google.com/maps/api/directions/json?origin=&ll1&destination=&ll2&key=&Key";
70 filename z temp;
71
72 * same technique used in the example with a pair of lat/long coodinates;
73 data _null_;
74 infile x recfm=f lrecl=1 end=eof;
75 file z recfm=f lrecl=1;
76 input @1 x $char1.;
77 put @1 x $char1.;
78 if eof;
79 call symputx('filesize',_n_);
80 run;
81
82 * drive time as a numeric variable;
83 data temp;
84 infile z recfm=f lrecl=&filesize. eof=done;
85 input @ 'miles' +(-15) @ '"' distance :comma12. text $30.;
86 units = scan(text,1,'"');
87 text = scan(text,3,'"');
88 * convert times to seconds;
89 select;
90 * combine days and hours;
91 when (find(text,'d') ne 0) time = sum(86400*input(scan(text,1,' '),best.),
92 3600*input(scan(text,3,' '),best.));
93 * combine hours and minutes;
94 when (find(text,'h') ne 0) time = sum(3600*input(scan(text,1,' '),best.),
95 60*input(scan(text,3,' '),best.));
96 * just minutes;
97 otherwise time = 60*input(scan(text,1,' '),best.);
98 end;
99 output;
100 keep distance time;
3 The SAS System 14:16 Wednesday, January 29, 2020

101 stop;
102 done:
103 output;
104 run;
105
106 filename x clear;
107 filename z clear;
108
109 * add an observation to the data set DISTANCE_TIME;
110 proc append base=distance_time data=temp;
111 run;
112 %end;
113 %mend;
114
115 * use the macro;
116 %distance_time;

NOTE: Deleting WORK.DISTANCE_TIME (memtype=DATA).
NOTE: PROCEDURE DATASETS ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.02 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.
WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.
WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.

NOTE: The infile X is:

Filename=https://www.google.com/maps/api/directions/json?origin=42.691560,-73.827840&destination=33.338834,-8...
uS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0=AIzaSyAhnuS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0,
Local Host Name=Rossi,
Local Host IP addr=fe80::10d0:1421:f87:de32%13,
Service Hostname Name=lhr25s09-in-f164.1e100.net,
Service IP addr=216.58.208.164,
Service Name=N/A,Service Portno=443,Lrecl=1,
Recfm=Fixed

NOTE: The file Z is:

Nome file=C:\Users\A.Rossi\AppData\Roaming\SAS\EnterpriseGuide\EGTEMP\SEG-9324-7be0aa8a\contents\SAS Temporary
Files\_TD6628_ROSSI_\#LN00035,
RECFM=F,LRECL=1,Dimensione (byte)=0,
Ultima modifica=29 gennaio 2020 14:22:22,
Create Time=29 gennaio 2020 14:22:22

NOTE: 236 records were read from the infile X.
NOTE: 236 records were written to the file Z.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.27 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

4 The SAS System 14:16 Wednesday, January 29, 2020

NOTE: The infile Z is:

Nome file=C:\Users\A.Rossi\AppData\Roaming\SAS\EnterpriseGuide\EGTEMP\SEG-9324-7be0aa8a\contents\SAS Temporary
Files\_TD6628_ROSSI_\#LN00035,
RECFM=F,LRECL=236,Dimensione (byte)=236,
Ultima modifica=29 gennaio 2020 14:22:22,
Create Time=29 gennaio 2020 14:22:22

NOTE: 1 record was read from the infile Z.
NOTE: SAS went to a new line when INPUT @'CHARACTER_STRING' scanned past the end of a line.
NOTE: The data set WORK.TEMP has 1 observations and 2 variables.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.01 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

NOTE: Fileref X has been deassigned.
NOTE: Fileref Z has been deassigned.

NOTE: Appending WORK.TEMP a WORK.DISTANCE_TIME.
NOTE: BASE data set does not exist. DATA file is being copied to BASE file.
NOTE: There were 1 observations read from the data set WORK.TEMP.
NOTE: The data set WORK.DISTANCE_TIME has 1 observations and 2 variables.
NOTE: PROCEDURE APPEND ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.01 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.
WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.
WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.

NOTE: The infile X is:

Filename=https://www.google.com/maps/api/directions/json?origin=42.691560,-73.827840&destination=37.130336,-8...
uS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0=AIzaSyAhnuS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0,
Local Host Name=Rossi,
Local Host IP addr=fe80::10d0:1421:f87:de32%13,
Service Hostname Name=lhr25s09-in-f164.1e100.net,
Service IP addr=216.58.208.164,
Service Name=N/A,Service Portno=443,Lrecl=1,
Recfm=Fixed

NOTE: The file Z is:

Nome file=C:\Users\A.Rossi\AppData\Roaming\SAS\EnterpriseGuide\EGTEMP\SEG-9324-7be0aa8a\contents\SAS Temporary
Files\_TD6628_ROSSI_\#LN00036,
RECFM=F,LRECL=1,Dimensione (byte)=0,
Ultima modifica=29 gennaio 2020 14:22:23,
Create Time=29 gennaio 2020 14:22:23
5 The SAS System 14:16 Wednesday, January 29, 2020

NOTE: 236 records were read from the infile X.
NOTE: 236 records were written to the file Z.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.27 seconds
cpu time 0.04 seconds

NOTE: The infile Z is:

Nome file=C:\Users\A.Rossi\AppData\Roaming\SAS\EnterpriseGuide\EGTEMP\SEG-9324-7be0aa8a\contents\SAS Temporary
Files\_TD6628_ROSSI_\#LN00036,
RECFM=F,LRECL=236,Dimensione (byte)=236,
Ultima modifica=29 gennaio 2020 14:22:23,
Create Time=29 gennaio 2020 14:22:23

NOTE: 1 record was read from the infile Z.
NOTE: SAS went to a new line when INPUT @'CHARACTER_STRING' scanned past the end of a line.
NOTE: The data set WORK.TEMP has 1 observations and 2 variables.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.01 seconds
cpu time 0.01 seconds

NOTE: Fileref X has been deassigned.
NOTE: Fileref Z has been deassigned.

NOTE: Appending WORK.TEMP a WORK.DISTANCE_TIME.
NOTE: There were 1 observations read from the data set WORK.TEMP.
NOTE: 1 observations added.
NOTE: The data set WORK.DISTANCE_TIME has 2 observations and 2 variables.
NOTE: PROCEDURE APPEND ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.
WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.
WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.

NOTE: The infile X is:

Filename=https://www.google.com/maps/api/directions/json?origin=42.691560,-73.827840&destination=36.896936,-9...
uS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0=AIzaSyAhnuS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0,
Local Host Name=Rossi,
Local Host IP addr=fe80::10d0:1421:f87:de32%13,
Service Hostname Name=lhr25s09-in-f164.1e100.net,
Service IP addr=216.58.208.164,
Service Name=N/A,Service Portno=443,Lrecl=1,
Recfm=Fixed

6 The SAS System 14:16 Wednesday, January 29, 2020

NOTE: The file Z is:

Nome file=C:\Users\A.Rossi\AppData\Roaming\SAS\EnterpriseGuide\EGTEMP\SEG-9324-7be0aa8a\contents\SAS Temporary
Files\_TD6628_ROSSI_\#LN00037,
RECFM=F,LRECL=1,Dimensione (byte)=0,
Ultima modifica=29 gennaio 2020 14:22:23,
Create Time=29 gennaio 2020 14:22:23

NOTE: 236 records were read from the infile X.
NOTE: 236 records were written to the file Z.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.29 seconds
cpu time 0.01 seconds

NOTE: The infile Z is:

Nome file=C:\Users\A.Rossi\AppData\Roaming\SAS\EnterpriseGuide\EGTEMP\SEG-9324-7be0aa8a\contents\SAS Temporary
Files\_TD6628_ROSSI_\#LN00037,
RECFM=F,LRECL=236,Dimensione (byte)=236,
Ultima modifica=29 gennaio 2020 14:22:23,
Create Time=29 gennaio 2020 14:22:23

NOTE: 1 record was read from the infile Z.
NOTE: SAS went to a new line when INPUT @'CHARACTER_STRING' scanned past the end of a line.
NOTE: The data set WORK.TEMP has 1 observations and 2 variables.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.01 seconds
cpu time 0.01 seconds

NOTE: Fileref X has been deassigned.
NOTE: Fileref Z has been deassigned.

NOTE: Appending WORK.TEMP a WORK.DISTANCE_TIME.
NOTE: There were 1 observations read from the data set WORK.TEMP.
NOTE: 1 observations added.
NOTE: The data set WORK.DISTANCE_TIME has 3 observations and 2 variables.
NOTE: PROCEDURE APPEND ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.
WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.
WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.

NOTE: The infile X is:

Filename=https://www.google.com/maps/api/directions/json?origin=42.691560,-73.827840&destination=34.14464,-11...
uS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0=AIzaSyAhnuS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0,
7 The SAS System 14:16 Wednesday, January 29, 2020

Local Host Name=Rossi,
Local Host IP addr=fe80::10d0:1421:f87:de32%13,
Service Hostname Name=lhr25s09-in-f164.1e100.net,
Service IP addr=216.58.208.164,
Service Name=N/A,Service Portno=443,Lrecl=1,
Recfm=Fixed

NOTE: The file Z is:

Nome file=C:\Users\A.Rossi\AppData\Roaming\SAS\EnterpriseGuide\EGTEMP\SEG-9324-7be0aa8a\contents\SAS Temporary
Files\_TD6628_ROSSI_\#LN00038,
RECFM=F,LRECL=1,Dimensione (byte)=0,
Ultima modifica=29 gennaio 2020 14:22:24,
Create Time=29 gennaio 2020 14:22:24

NOTE: 236 records were read from the infile X.
NOTE: 236 records were written to the file Z.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.39 seconds
cpu time 0.04 seconds

NOTE: The infile Z is:

Nome file=C:\Users\A.Rossi\AppData\Roaming\SAS\EnterpriseGuide\EGTEMP\SEG-9324-7be0aa8a\contents\SAS Temporary
Files\_TD6628_ROSSI_\#LN00038,
RECFM=F,LRECL=236,Dimensione (byte)=236,
Ultima modifica=29 gennaio 2020 14:22:24,
Create Time=29 gennaio 2020 14:22:24

NOTE: 1 record was read from the infile Z.
NOTE: SAS went to a new line when INPUT @'CHARACTER_STRING' scanned past the end of a line.
NOTE: The data set WORK.TEMP has 1 observations and 2 variables.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.01 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

NOTE: Fileref X has been deassigned.
NOTE: Fileref Z has been deassigned.

NOTE: Appending WORK.TEMP a WORK.DISTANCE_TIME.
NOTE: There were 1 observations read from the data set WORK.TEMP.
NOTE: 1 observations added.
NOTE: The data set WORK.DISTANCE_TIME has 4 observations and 2 variables.
NOTE: PROCEDURE APPEND ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.01 seconds

WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.
8 The SAS System 14:16 Wednesday, January 29, 2020

WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.
WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.

NOTE: The infile X is:

Filename=https://www.google.com/maps/api/directions/json?origin=42.691560,-73.827840&destination=40.212752,-1...
nuS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0=AIzaSyAhnuS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0,
Local Host Name=Rossi,
Local Host IP addr=fe80::10d0:1421:f87:de32%13,
Service Hostname Name=lhr25s09-in-f164.1e100.net,
Service IP addr=216.58.208.164,
Service Name=N/A,Service Portno=443,Lrecl=1,
Recfm=Fixed

NOTE: The file Z is:

Nome file=C:\Users\A.Rossi\AppData\Roaming\SAS\EnterpriseGuide\EGTEMP\SEG-9324-7be0aa8a\contents\SAS Temporary
Files\_TD6628_ROSSI_\#LN00039,
RECFM=F,LRECL=1,Dimensione (byte)=0,
Ultima modifica=29 gennaio 2020 14:22:24,
Create Time=29 gennaio 2020 14:22:24

NOTE: 236 records were read from the infile X.
NOTE: 236 records were written to the file Z.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.29 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

NOTE: The infile Z is:

Nome file=C:\Users\A.Rossi\AppData\Roaming\SAS\EnterpriseGuide\EGTEMP\SEG-9324-7be0aa8a\contents\SAS Temporary
Files\_TD6628_ROSSI_\#LN00039,
RECFM=F,LRECL=236,Dimensione (byte)=236,
Ultima modifica=29 gennaio 2020 14:22:24,
Create Time=29 gennaio 2020 14:22:24

NOTE: 1 record was read from the infile Z.
NOTE: SAS went to a new line when INPUT @'CHARACTER_STRING' scanned past the end of a line.
NOTE: The data set WORK.TEMP has 1 observations and 2 variables.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.01 seconds
cpu time 0.01 seconds

NOTE: Fileref X has been deassigned.
NOTE: Fileref Z has been deassigned.

NOTE: Appending WORK.TEMP a WORK.DISTANCE_TIME.
NOTE: There were 1 observations read from the data set WORK.TEMP.
NOTE: 1 observations added.
NOTE: The data set WORK.DISTANCE_TIME has 5 observations and 2 variables.
NOTE: PROCEDURE APPEND ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.01 seconds

9 The SAS System 14:16 Wednesday, January 29, 2020

117
118 *
119 add variables from original data set to new data set distance_time
120 use geodist function to calculate straight line distance
121 ;
122 data distance_time;
123 set distance_time;
124 set lat_long point=_n_;
125 straight_line = round(geodist(&ll1,-73.827840,y,x,'DM'), 0.01);
_______
72
ERROR 72-185: The GEODIST function call has too many arguments.

126 run;

NOTE: Numeric values have been converted to character values at the places given by: (Line):(Column).
125:49
NOTE: The SAS System stopped processing this step because of errors.
WARNING: The data set WORK.DISTANCE_TIME may be incomplete. When this step was stopped there were 0 observations and 8 variables.
WARNING: Data set WORK.DISTANCE_TIME was not replaced because il passo è stato interrotto.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

127
128 proc print data=distance_time noobs label;
129 var x y time distance straight_line zip city statecode;
ERROR: Variable X not found.
ERROR: Variable Y not found.
ERROR: Variable STRAIGHT_LINE not found.
ERROR: Variable ZIP not found.
ERROR: Variable CITY not found.
ERROR: Variable STATECODE not found.
130 format zip z5. time time6. ;
131 run;

NOTE: The SAS System stopped processing this step because of errors.
NOTE: PROCEDURE PRINT ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

132
133
134
135 %LET _CLIENTTASKLABEL=;
136 %LET _CLIENTPROCESSFLOWNAME=;
137 %LET _CLIENTPROJECTPATH=;
138 %LET _CLIENTPROJECTPATHHOST=;
139 %LET _CLIENTPROJECTNAME=;
140 %LET _SASPROGRAMFILE=;
141 %LET _SASPROGRAMFILEHOST=;
142
143 ;*';*";*/;quit;run;
144 ODS _ALL_ CLOSE;
145
146
147 QUIT; RUN;
10 The SAS System 14:16 Wednesday, January 29, 2020

148

[Kurt_Bremser]

When you try to call gedodist() like this;

straight_line = round(geodist(&ll1,-73.827840,y,x,'DM'), 0.01);

after resolving &ll1, which contains

42.691560,-73.827840

you get this:

straight_line = round(geodist(42.691560,-73.827840,-73.827840,y,x,'DM'), 0.01);

and therefore supply 6 arguments to geodist(), but this function accepts a maximum of only 5.

I guess you wanted this:

straight_line = round(geodist(&ll1,y,x,'DM'), 0.01);

as ,-73.827840 is already contained in &ll1. I ran your code with this change and it seemed to work.

[alessandrarossi]

thank you for the correction,

but the "distance_time" table continues to have missing in "distance" and "time" variables.

this is the log 

1 The SAS System 16:03 Wednesday, January 29, 2020

1 ;*';*";*/;quit;run;
2 OPTIONS PAGENO=MIN;
3 %LET _CLIENTTASKLABEL='3_Distanza_tempo.sas';
4 %LET _CLIENTPROCESSFLOWNAME='Standalone Not In Project';
5 %LET _CLIENTPROJECTPATH='';
6 %LET _CLIENTPROJECTPATHHOST='';
7 %LET _CLIENTPROJECTNAME='';
8 %LET _SASPROGRAMFILE='X:\ISTAT\LINEE_DI_ATTIVITA_2019\Aree interne\prg\distanza\3_Distanza_tempo.sas';
9 %LET _SASPROGRAMFILEHOST='ROSSI';
10
11 ODS _ALL_ CLOSE;
12 OPTIONS DEV=SVG;
13 GOPTIONS XPIXELS=0 YPIXELS=0;
14 %macro HTML5AccessibleGraphSupported;
15 %if %_SAS_VERCOMP(9, 4, 4) >= 0 %then ACCESSIBLE_GRAPH;
16 %mend;
17 FILENAME EGHTML TEMP;
18 ODS HTML5(ID=EGHTML) FILE=EGHTML
19 OPTIONS(BITMAP_MODE='INLINE')
20 %HTML5AccessibleGraphSupported
21 ENCODING='utf-8'
22 STYLE=HtmlBlue
23 NOGTITLE
24 NOGFOOTNOTE
25 GPATH=&sasworklocation
26 ;
NOTE: Writing HTML5(EGHTML) Body file: EGHTML
27
28 %let ll1=%str(42.691560,-73.827840);
29 %let key = AIzaSyAhnuS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0;
30
31 *
32 create a data set with locations specified in latitude and longitude
33 a random sample of 5 observations from SASHELP.ZIPCODE
34 use SEED=0 to get a new sample each time program is run
35 ;
36
37 proc surveyselect data=sashelp.zipcode (keep=zip city statecode x y)
38 out=lat_long sampsize=5 seed=0;
39 run;

NOTE: The data set WORK.LAT_LONG has 5 observations and 5 variables.
NOTE: PROCEDURE SURVEYSELECT ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.08 seconds
cpu time 0.07 seconds

40
41 *
42 place number of zip in a macro variable
43 in this example you know it is 5
44 but you might not know in another use of the SAS code
45 ;
46 data _null_;
47 call symputx('nlls',obs);
48 stop;
49 set lat_long nobs=obs;
50 run;
2 The SAS System 16:03 Wednesday, January 29, 2020

NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

51
52 * create a macro that contains a loop to access Google Maps multiple time;
53 %macro distance_time;
54
55 * delete any data set named DISTANCE_TIME that might exist in the WORK library;
56 proc datasets lib=work nolist;
57 delete distance_time;
58 quit;
59
60 %do j=1 %to &nlls;
61 data _null_;
62 nrec = &j;
63 set lat_long point=nrec;
64 call symputx('ll2',catx(',',y,x));
65 stop;
66 run;
67
68 * lat/long of centroid of zip 12203 hard-coded as part of the URL;
69 filename x url "https://www.google.com/maps/api/directions/json?origin=&ll1&destination=&ll2&key=&Key";
70 filename z temp;
71
72 * same technique used in the example with a pair of lat/long coodinates;
73 data _null_;
74 infile x recfm=f lrecl=1 end=eof;
75 file z recfm=f lrecl=1;
76 input @1 x $char1.;
77 put @1 x $char1.;
78 if eof;
79 call symputx('filesize',_n_);
80 run;
81
82 * drive time as a numeric variable;
83 data temp;
84 infile z recfm=f lrecl=&filesize. eof=done;
85 input @ 'miles' +(-15) @ '"' distance :comma12. text $30.;
86 units = scan(text,1,'"');
87 text = scan(text,3,'"');
88 * convert times to seconds;
89 select;
90 * combine days and hours;
91 when (find(text,'d') ne 0) time = sum(86400*input(scan(text,1,' '),best.),
92 3600*input(scan(text,3,' '),best.));
93 * combine hours and minutes;
94 when (find(text,'h') ne 0) time = sum(3600*input(scan(text,1,' '),best.),
95 60*input(scan(text,3,' '),best.));
96 * just minutes;
97 otherwise time = 60*input(scan(text,1,' '),best.);
98 end;
99 output;
100 keep distance time;
101 stop;
102 done:
3 The SAS System 16:03 Wednesday, January 29, 2020

103 output;
104 run;
105
106 filename x clear;
107 filename z clear;
108
109 * add an observation to the data set DISTANCE_TIME;
110 proc append base=distance_time data=temp;
111 run;
112 %end;
113 %mend;
114
115 * use the macro;
116 %distance_time;

NOTE: Deleting WORK.DISTANCE_TIME (memtype=DATA).
NOTE: PROCEDURE DATASETS ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.06 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.
WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.
WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.

NOTE: The infile X is:

Filename=https://www.google.com/maps/api/directions/json?origin=42.691560,-73.827840&destination=43.23876,-71...
MZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0=AIzaSyAhnuS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0,
Local Host Name=Rossi,
Local Host IP addr=fe80::10d0:1421:f87:de32%13,
Service Hostname Name=mil07s08-in-f4.1e100.net,
Service IP addr=216.58.206.68,Service Name=N/A,
Service Portno=443,Lrecl=1,Recfm=Fixed

NOTE: The file Z is:

Nome file=C:\Users\A.Rossi\AppData\Roaming\SAS\EnterpriseGuide\EGTEMP\SEG-5328-899b9f2a\contents\SAS Temporary
Files\_TD9692_ROSSI_\#LN00050,
RECFM=F,LRECL=1,Dimensione (byte)=0,
Ultima modifica=29 gennaio 2020 16:09:41,
Create Time=29 gennaio 2020 16:09:41

NOTE: 236 records were read from the infile X.
NOTE: 236 records were written to the file Z.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.17 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

NOTE: The infile Z is:
4 The SAS System 16:03 Wednesday, January 29, 2020

Nome file=C:\Users\A.Rossi\AppData\Roaming\SAS\EnterpriseGuide\EGTEMP\SEG-5328-899b9f2a\contents\SAS Temporary
Files\_TD9692_ROSSI_\#LN00050,
RECFM=F,LRECL=236,Dimensione (byte)=236,
Ultima modifica=29 gennaio 2020 16:09:41,
Create Time=29 gennaio 2020 16:09:41

NOTE: 1 record was read from the infile Z.
NOTE: SAS went to a new line when INPUT @'CHARACTER_STRING' scanned past the end of a line.
NOTE: The data set WORK.TEMP has 1 observations and 2 variables.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.01 seconds
cpu time 0.01 seconds

NOTE: Fileref X has been deassigned.
NOTE: Fileref Z has been deassigned.

NOTE: Appending WORK.TEMP a WORK.DISTANCE_TIME.
NOTE: BASE data set does not exist. DATA file is being copied to BASE file.
NOTE: There were 1 observations read from the data set WORK.TEMP.
NOTE: The data set WORK.DISTANCE_TIME has 1 observations and 2 variables.
NOTE: PROCEDURE APPEND ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.03 seconds
cpu time 0.03 seconds

NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.
WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.
WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.

NOTE: The infile X is:

Filename=https://www.google.com/maps/api/directions/json?origin=42.691560,-73.827840&destination=40.580308,-7...
uS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0=AIzaSyAhnuS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0,
Local Host Name=Rossi,
Local Host IP addr=fe80::10d0:1421:f87:de32%13,
Service Hostname Name=mil07s08-in-f4.1e100.net,
Service IP addr=216.58.206.68,Service Name=N/A,
Service Portno=443,Lrecl=1,Recfm=Fixed

NOTE: The file Z is:

Nome file=C:\Users\A.Rossi\AppData\Roaming\SAS\EnterpriseGuide\EGTEMP\SEG-5328-899b9f2a\contents\SAS Temporary
Files\_TD9692_ROSSI_\#LN00051,
RECFM=F,LRECL=1,Dimensione (byte)=0,
Ultima modifica=29 gennaio 2020 16:09:41,
Create Time=29 gennaio 2020 16:09:41

NOTE: 236 records were read from the infile X.
NOTE: 236 records were written to the file Z.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
5 The SAS System 16:03 Wednesday, January 29, 2020

real time 0.14 seconds
cpu time 0.04 seconds

NOTE: The infile Z is:

Nome file=C:\Users\A.Rossi\AppData\Roaming\SAS\EnterpriseGuide\EGTEMP\SEG-5328-899b9f2a\contents\SAS Temporary
Files\_TD9692_ROSSI_\#LN00051,
RECFM=F,LRECL=236,Dimensione (byte)=236,
Ultima modifica=29 gennaio 2020 16:09:41,
Create Time=29 gennaio 2020 16:09:41

NOTE: 1 record was read from the infile Z.
NOTE: SAS went to a new line when INPUT @'CHARACTER_STRING' scanned past the end of a line.
NOTE: The data set WORK.TEMP has 1 observations and 2 variables.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.01 seconds

NOTE: Fileref X has been deassigned.
NOTE: Fileref Z has been deassigned.

NOTE: Appending WORK.TEMP a WORK.DISTANCE_TIME.
NOTE: There were 1 observations read from the data set WORK.TEMP.
NOTE: 1 observations added.
NOTE: The data set WORK.DISTANCE_TIME has 2 observations and 2 variables.
NOTE: PROCEDURE APPEND ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.01 seconds

NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.
WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.
WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.

NOTE: The infile X is:

Filename=https://www.google.com/maps/api/directions/json?origin=42.691560,-73.827840&destination=38.362467,-7...
uS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0=AIzaSyAhnuS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0,
Local Host Name=Rossi,
Local Host IP addr=fe80::10d0:1421:f87:de32%13,
Service Hostname Name=mil07s08-in-f4.1e100.net,
Service IP addr=216.58.206.68,Service Name=N/A,
Service Portno=443,Lrecl=1,Recfm=Fixed

NOTE: The file Z is:

Nome file=C:\Users\A.Rossi\AppData\Roaming\SAS\EnterpriseGuide\EGTEMP\SEG-5328-899b9f2a\contents\SAS Temporary
Files\_TD9692_ROSSI_\#LN00052,
RECFM=F,LRECL=1,Dimensione (byte)=0,
6 The SAS System 16:03 Wednesday, January 29, 2020

Ultima modifica=29 gennaio 2020 16:09:41,
Create Time=29 gennaio 2020 16:09:41

NOTE: 236 records were read from the infile X.
NOTE: 236 records were written to the file Z.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.14 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

NOTE: The infile Z is:

Nome file=C:\Users\A.Rossi\AppData\Roaming\SAS\EnterpriseGuide\EGTEMP\SEG-5328-899b9f2a\contents\SAS Temporary
Files\_TD9692_ROSSI_\#LN00052,
RECFM=F,LRECL=236,Dimensione (byte)=236,
Ultima modifica=29 gennaio 2020 16:09:41,
Create Time=29 gennaio 2020 16:09:41

NOTE: 1 record was read from the infile Z.
NOTE: SAS went to a new line when INPUT @'CHARACTER_STRING' scanned past the end of a line.
NOTE: The data set WORK.TEMP has 1 observations and 2 variables.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.01 seconds
cpu time 0.01 seconds

NOTE: Fileref X has been deassigned.
NOTE: Fileref Z has been deassigned.

NOTE: Appending WORK.TEMP a WORK.DISTANCE_TIME.
NOTE: There were 1 observations read from the data set WORK.TEMP.
NOTE: 1 observations added.
NOTE: The data set WORK.DISTANCE_TIME has 3 observations and 2 variables.
NOTE: PROCEDURE APPEND ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.
WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.
WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.

NOTE: The infile X is:

Filename=https://www.google.com/maps/api/directions/json?origin=42.691560,-73.827840&destination=32.840314,-8...
uS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0=AIzaSyAhnuS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0,
Local Host Name=Rossi,
Local Host IP addr=fe80::10d0:1421:f87:de32%13,
Service Hostname Name=mil07s08-in-f4.1e100.net,
Service IP addr=216.58.206.68,Service Name=N/A,
Service Portno=443,Lrecl=1,Recfm=Fixed
7 The SAS System 16:03 Wednesday, January 29, 2020

NOTE: The file Z is:

Nome file=C:\Users\A.Rossi\AppData\Roaming\SAS\EnterpriseGuide\EGTEMP\SEG-5328-899b9f2a\contents\SAS Temporary
Files\_TD9692_ROSSI_\#LN00053,
RECFM=F,LRECL=1,Dimensione (byte)=0,
Ultima modifica=29 gennaio 2020 16:09:42,
Create Time=29 gennaio 2020 16:09:42

NOTE: 236 records were read from the infile X.
NOTE: 236 records were written to the file Z.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.15 seconds
cpu time 0.01 seconds

NOTE: The infile Z is:

Nome file=C:\Users\A.Rossi\AppData\Roaming\SAS\EnterpriseGuide\EGTEMP\SEG-5328-899b9f2a\contents\SAS Temporary
Files\_TD9692_ROSSI_\#LN00053,
RECFM=F,LRECL=236,Dimensione (byte)=236,
Ultima modifica=29 gennaio 2020 16:09:42,
Create Time=29 gennaio 2020 16:09:42

NOTE: 1 record was read from the infile Z.
NOTE: SAS went to a new line when INPUT @'CHARACTER_STRING' scanned past the end of a line.
NOTE: The data set WORK.TEMP has 1 observations and 2 variables.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.01 seconds
cpu time 0.01 seconds

NOTE: Fileref X has been deassigned.
NOTE: Fileref Z has been deassigned.

NOTE: Appending WORK.TEMP a WORK.DISTANCE_TIME.
NOTE: There were 1 observations read from the data set WORK.TEMP.
NOTE: 1 observations added.
NOTE: The data set WORK.DISTANCE_TIME has 4 observations and 2 variables.
NOTE: PROCEDURE APPEND ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.01 seconds

NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.
WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.
WARNING: Apparent symbolic reference DESTINATION not resolved.

NOTE: The infile X is:

Filename=https://www.google.com/maps/api/directions/json?origin=42.691560,-73.827840&destination=33.919916,-1...
8 The SAS System 16:03 Wednesday, January 29, 2020

nuS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0=AIzaSyAhnuS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0,
Local Host Name=Rossi,
Local Host IP addr=fe80::10d0:1421:f87:de32%13,
Service Hostname Name=mil07s08-in-f4.1e100.net,
Service IP addr=216.58.206.68,Service Name=N/A,
Service Portno=443,Lrecl=1,Recfm=Fixed

NOTE: The file Z is:

Nome file=C:\Users\A.Rossi\AppData\Roaming\SAS\EnterpriseGuide\EGTEMP\SEG-5328-899b9f2a\contents\SAS Temporary
Files\_TD9692_ROSSI_\#LN00054,
RECFM=F,LRECL=1,Dimensione (byte)=0,
Ultima modifica=29 gennaio 2020 16:09:42,
Create Time=29 gennaio 2020 16:09:42

NOTE: 236 records were read from the infile X.
NOTE: 236 records were written to the file Z.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.14 seconds
cpu time 0.01 seconds

NOTE: The infile Z is:

Nome file=C:\Users\A.Rossi\AppData\Roaming\SAS\EnterpriseGuide\EGTEMP\SEG-5328-899b9f2a\contents\SAS Temporary
Files\_TD9692_ROSSI_\#LN00054,
RECFM=F,LRECL=236,Dimensione (byte)=236,
Ultima modifica=29 gennaio 2020 16:09:42,
Create Time=29 gennaio 2020 16:09:42

NOTE: 1 record was read from the infile Z.
NOTE: SAS went to a new line when INPUT @'CHARACTER_STRING' scanned past the end of a line.
NOTE: The data set WORK.TEMP has 1 observations and 2 variables.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.01 seconds
cpu time 0.01 seconds

NOTE: Fileref X has been deassigned.
NOTE: Fileref Z has been deassigned.

NOTE: Appending WORK.TEMP a WORK.DISTANCE_TIME.
NOTE: There were 1 observations read from the data set WORK.TEMP.
NOTE: 1 observations added.
NOTE: The data set WORK.DISTANCE_TIME has 5 observations and 2 variables.
NOTE: PROCEDURE APPEND ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.00 seconds
cpu time 0.00 seconds

117
118 *
119 add variables from original data set to new data set distance_time
120 use geodist function to calculate straight line distance
121 ;
122 data distance_time;
123 set distance_time;
9 The SAS System 16:03 Wednesday, January 29, 2020

124 set lat_long point=_n_;
125 straight_line = round(geodist(&ll1,y,x,'DM'), 0.01);
126 run;

NOTE: There were 5 observations read from the data set WORK.DISTANCE_TIME.
NOTE: The data set WORK.DISTANCE_TIME has 5 observations and 8 variables.
NOTE: DATA statement ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.01 seconds
cpu time 0.01 seconds

127
128 proc print data=distance_time noobs label;
129 var x y time distance straight_line zip city statecode;
130 format zip z5. time time6. ;
131 run;

NOTE: There were 5 observations read from the data set WORK.DISTANCE_TIME.
NOTE: PROCEDURE PRINT ha utilizzato (tempo totale di elaborazione):
real time 0.03 seconds
cpu time 0.03 seconds

132
133 %LET _CLIENTTASKLABEL=;
134 %LET _CLIENTPROCESSFLOWNAME=;
135 %LET _CLIENTPROJECTPATH=;
136 %LET _CLIENTPROJECTPATHHOST=;
137 %LET _CLIENTPROJECTNAME=;
138 %LET _SASPROGRAMFILE=;
139 %LET _SASPROGRAMFILEHOST=;
140
141 ;*';*";*/;quit;run;
142 ODS _ALL_ CLOSE;
143
144
145 QUIT; RUN;
146

[Kurt_Bremser]

First of all, your URL is not built correctly. You need to mask parts that are not macro variables:

filename x url "https://www.google.com/maps/api/directions/json?origin=&ll1%nrstr(&destination=)&ll2%nrstr(&key=)&Key";

But then, when I use your (correctly built) URL:

https://www.google.com/maps/api/directions/json?origin=42.691560,-73.827840&destination=30.213433,-92.373777&key=AIzaSyAhnuS_QMZlitN9RwRhRT7IbaT4vq8T5P0

, I get this response:

{
   "error_message" : "This API project is not authorized to use this API.",
   "routes" : [],
   "status" : "REQUEST_DENIED"
}

so it might be your key that is wrong.