Within SAS data sets, there is no such distinction. SAS variables are either character or numeric ... the only possible choices.
You can analyze the data with a SAS program to determine some of those characteristics. However, you need to set up your own definitions. For example, you might define that a variable which only takes on integer values, and takes on fewer than 10 different values, is ordinal. But those definitions are up to you. Once you have the definitions in place, you might be able to write a program to see which variables fit those definitions.