You need to make sure that the user has at least WMM (write member metadata) permissions on the folder(s) to which the metadata objects for the deployed job(s) metadata object(s) will be written.
For example: I created specific folders for scheduled jobs called "Batch Jobs". That folder grants members of the group "Job Schedulers" the WMM permissions, and only members of that group can write to it. And, of course, the group "Job Schedulers" has the custom "Job Schedulers" role like you've created.