Thanks so much for the comments! I just learned that most procedures won't display leading spaces. Regarding order=formatted, If there is no specified format, it will use best12. format for numerical variable and $w. format for categorical variables. And the order for those formats still follow 1-9, A-Z, a-z order. Thank you! ... View more

Thanks so much for confirming! ... View more

That makes sense! I'm new to this concept and your answer helps a lot! Thanks! ... View more

Thanks a lot for your reply, which provides a lot of useful information! But I'm still confused when should I use Lsmean, NLSmeans macro, and the margins macro. The topic I research now is the association between comorbidity and healthcare cost. Because the independent variable of interest is a categorical variable, I guess the margins macro should work. Please correct me if I'm wrong. If anyone can provide the scenario to use all these 3 methods, that would be really appreciated! Thanks! ... View more

Thanks for your reply! I have a few questions following through. Any explanation would be appreciated! 1. I calculated the exponentiated means for a few combinations(when I added another categorical variable "DriveTrain" to the model). And I'm confused about the correct way to calculate the exponentiated mean for the model. For instance, in multilinear regression, when holding other variables constant, no matter what the values other variables take(the DriveTrain could be either Front and Rear), the difference between Europe and Asia is the same. But for exponentiated results, having DriveTrain as Front and Rear shows the nonconstant difference(y1-y2≠y3-y4) as showing in the second picture. Could you please explain a little bit of how should the exponentiated means be calculated.    2. is the result of Lsmeans the same as the marginal effect? I checked there is no option to calculate its 95%CI directly, some written macro could do the work. Am I understand this right? 3. Have you used the duan's smearing estimator to calculate the mean? Any difference between the two methods(the exponentiated and the marginal effect) I mentioned above? ... View more

Sorry for the above reply, I thought the reply could move the topic to the top, which didn't. I'd like to ask a question about the lsmeans results interpretation:   I use the sashelp.cars data to simulate an analysis. Assuming the model is the right model for the analysis. Do the lsmeans results means that compared to Asia origin, the invoice of Europe origin was 42817-22499  higher, and  the invoice of USA origin was 26111-22499  higher? Thanks so much!   proc genmod data=sashelp.cars descending; class type origin; model invoice= type origin/dist=gamma link=log; lsmeans origin/ilink; run; ... View more

My model is similar: all independent variables are categorical. My estimates are also around 0. Could anyone give some other opinion about how to interpret the result? ... View more