As PG has examplified by-group processing, I will only answer the hash portion. The SAS Hash Object is a fairly recent feature. It is essentially a "lookup table" that is usable through the data step. The strength of Hashing for the specific question you've asked is that if your data wasn't already sorted according to your by-group, then a hash solution alleviates the need to pre-sort (which often is the lenghtiest part of a simple by-group process). However, the hash object is fully held in memory throughout the data step so if you have a very, very large volume of data, it is possible to face an "out of memory" error with hash solutions. Syntaxically, it also looks confusing at first glance but one gets familiar with the programing syntax quite fast. Since you mentioned you were fairly new to SAS, it is probably best to get accustomed at least to by-group processing before looking at hashing. Hashing can achieve far more than just this but since it is memory-limited, it is wiser to learn the processing tools that should work "all around". So I will refrain from providing a hash solution. There are plenty of similar examples around these forums anyway and in various SGF papers. As to add one element to Keith's description above, procedures have various built-in output. Unless tasked otherwise, the output statement in proc summary outputs outputs many more statistics than just maximum. Using output statement options allows you to control that default behaviour. See proc summary -> output statement documentation (it will actually point you towards proc means' output statement as they have the same options). You will find the specific explanation for the MAXID option there and how it applies the max on X, by class HH_NO but will actually output PI_No and X as the identifier for that maximum point found. Vincent ... View more

Your queston is not clear, can you explain further? ... View more

Hi Richard, Awesome explanation.... thanks for sharing knowledge. Regards Uma Shanker Saini ... View more

Thanks for all the helpful comments. But now I notice that I have some records with Age=. So now I want age that are also 0=<AGE<12. Thanks ... View more

Hi All Another question is that if I want to find all HouseNo that DO NOT have any member with Age>50, how do I do so? Thank you ... View more

@apple Yes you can list individual values as you suggest. I have to ask why you are storing numeric values as character variables when it is causing you some difficulty managing the data.  If your concern is saving space you would do better to apply the compress= option on the dataset.  Numeric ranges are much easier to manage intuitively with numeric formats, and this is true even if the numbers are categorical values.  Especially with dates (such as in the years data you posted elsewhere), you should be using numeric variables in preference to characters because it facilitates date arithmetic (comparing dates or displacing them by given intervals). Richard in NZ ... View more

It is like looking up a word in a dictionary.  Just like 'A ' is smaller than 'AZ'. To see the relative order of all characters look at a chart of ASCII codes. ASCII Code - The extended ASCII table ... View more

low -<'1989' LOW is a keyword, it doesn't require quotes. PG ... View more

Tom was just giving you some examples of why you ought to convert your character fields to numeric fields when doing your comparisons.  Both "char=apple<orange" and "input(apple,32.)<input(orange,32.)" will return zeros or one dependent upon whether the condition to the right of the equal sign is true.  That form results in one of two numbers: 1 if if the condition is true and 0 if it isn't. ... View more

If Proc SQL supported the median statistic I would have suggested that.  The easiest method to code would be a couple of Proc Summary (alter ego of Proc Means) statements followed by a merge: Proc Summary data = A ;      Var X ;      Output out = A_Stat           mean = Mean_XA           median = Median_XA           ; Run ; Proc Summary data = B;      Var X ;      Output out = B_Stat           mean = Mean_XB           median = Median_XB           ; Run ; Data Want ;      Merge A_Stat B_Stat ; Run ; [Not tested] Richard in NZ ... View more

The n is was using Proc Tabulate syntax to show a count of the variable. Note the Proc Freq processes labels differently than Proc tabulate. Freq will show the variable name and the label(if any) while tabulate only displays the label or the variable name if no label is assigned. ... View more

SAS(R) 9.3 System Options: Reference, Second Edition ... View more

Hi, It can depend on what products and versions you have available to you. A quick search on the web brought back the following results which might be a good starting point: 23664 - How to send ODS output to Microsoft Excel, Word, and PowerPoint SAS/ACCESS(R) 9.2 Interface to PC Files: Reference, Second Edition Regards, Amir. ... View more

I assume you're running this code using SAS EG. If so then what you must be aware of is that SAS EG is a client which generates code and sends this code to a server (eg. SASApp) for execution. As the code actually executes on the server any file paths you define must be the file paths as the server sees it. So using c:\ is the c-drive on the server and not on your desktop and therefore something like 'C:\X\X\X\test.txt' looks for such a file on the server's C-drive where the file doesn't exist - though the error message. What you need to do is either: -  Save your file on a network drive which can also be accessed by the SAS Server (eg. using a UNC path like '\\server\x\x\x\test..txt') - or use the EG import wizard under menu "file". This wizard runs on the client side (EG) and allows you to manually import the text file on your local c-drive ... View more