Simplest way I can think of is to write a small VBA macro which triggers when mail received to that folder, which takes the body of the text and appends it to a CSV file in a given location, your SAS program would just need to read the CSV.
Am afraid this: "Is there away to link SAS to Microsoft Outlook 2010 to pull in emails from a subfolder in an inbox and specify the data contained in the body of the email? " - doesn't really make any sense to me, do you want the data as a dataset, or an output, or a notification? What SAS are you using?
Also, I would check with your IT, they may already have something in place (most have ticketing systems which use emails, so may be able to pull that data directly into a DB and you extract from there).