You wouldn't need a different communication node, you'd just need 1 cell for each treatment.
Your selection rules would be:
"give me all the customers who bought cat food last year", which would lead to Cell 1, which would be assigend treatment A.
"get all the customers and split by sales amount", which would lead to Cells 2, 3, & 4 in your example, which would be assigned treatments B, C, and D (alternatively, you could just have one "% off" treatment with a dynamic custom detail to capture the percentage).
etc.
All of those cells could be connected to one communication. Assuming you had customer "Jane" who bought cat food last year and spend > 200, the resulting output file would have rows of:
"Jane", "Cell 1", "Treatment A"
"Jane", "Cell 4", "Treatment D"
MO doesn't really help with this kind of situation, unless you're trying to limit customers to a certain number of contacts across multiple campaigns, or limit the number of total items you send out, etc. and want to use analytics to find the optimal combination of offers that satisfy all those constraints.
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