The way I interpret this, you would need two CITY values (one for the smallest GDP, one for the largest). Here's an approach:
proc sort data=have;
by region gdp;
run;
data want;
set have;
by region;
if first.region then do;
type='Smallest';
output;
end;
if last.region then do;
type='Largest';
output;
end;
run;
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