A couple of comments:
PROC RELIABILITY doesn't have a data step, so you need to clarify whether your question is about the DATA step to construct the data for PROC RELIABILITY or the procedure itself.
I don't think that increasing the length of the variables in the DATA step is the answer. SAS stores the data in floating point, so whether you are using length 4 or 8, the same size number can be stored. The difference is in the precision and therefore the size of the maximum integer it can store precisely. The maximum storage length for a real number is 8 bytes.
SAS does all of the internal computation in its procedures using double precision arithmetic.
This sort of thing can happen when you have both extremely large numbers and extremely small ones in the same model (similar to a divide by 0 problem). You may need to rescale some of your variables.