topic Re: IF/THEN questions in SAS Programming

IF/THEN questions

Nietzsche — Sun, 06 Nov 2022 20:46:02 GMT

Hi I am currently on page 133 of the official Specialist Prep Guide.

Two things I wish to confirm with the community because book does not explain it regarding to IF/THEN (maybe in later chapters).

First: is IF first.dept the same thing as if first.dept=1 or if first.dept=TRUE? SAS assumes that user mean true (like in python)?

Secondly: if nothing is stated after the IF statement like IF last.dept; it just means end everything the IF statement?

Re: IF/THEN questions

yabwon — Sun, 06 Nov 2022 21:35:20 GMT

Hi,

Case 1, SAS treats zero (0) and missing numeric values (.) as False, all other (numbers) are treated as True, see: https://documentation.sas.com/doc/en/pgmsascdc/9.4_3.5/lepg/p1n8bsqqd03xppn17pgvjpjlbhhs.htm#n09r5v4g2s15tun1mpslch1iehxh

Case 2, it is the IF-subsetting, see here: https://documentation.sas.com/doc/en/pgmsascdc/9.4_3.5/lestmtsref/p1cxl8ifdt8u0gn12wqbji8o5fq1.htm

All the best

Bart

Re: IF/THEN questions

Kurt_Bremser — Sun, 06 Nov 2022 21:35:49 GMT

FIRST. and LAST. variables are automatic variables created for every variable in the BY statement. They will not be included in resulting datasets.

They are Boolean variables and can only have the values 0 (false) or 1 (true).

The first IF is a "normal" IF with a THEN branch which will be executed depending on the result of the condition.

The second IF is a subsetting IF. If the condition results in false, the rest of the data step statements are skipped and the next data step iteration starts; no implicit output is performed.

Re: IF/THEN questions

Tom — Sun, 06 Nov 2022 21:40:20 GMT

@Nietzsche wrote:

Hi I am currently on page 133 of the official Specialist Prep Guide.

Two things I wish to confirm with the community because book does not explain it regarding to IF/THEN (maybe in later chapters).

First: is IF first.dept the same thing as if first.dept=1 or if first.dept=TRUE? SAS assumes that user mean true (like in python)?

Yes. Do you know WHY ? Do you know what result SAS returns from the evaluation of a boolean expression (such as first.dept=1) ? Do you know what truth value SAS uses when given a number like 1 to interpret as a boolean?

Hint remember that SAS has only two types of variables. Fixed length character strings and floating point numbers.

The result of a boolean expression is either 1 (true) or 0 (false).

Zero or missing is considered FALSE. Any other value is considered TRUE.

Secondly: if nothing is stated after the IF statement like IF last.dept; it just means end everything the IF statement?

Sort of. They are actually two different statements. Without the THEN you have a SUBSETTING IF statement instead. Basically if the condition is not true this particular iteration of the data step stops immediately. So statements after that are not executed. Note this includes any implied OUTPUT statement that might be executed when the iteration reaches the end of the data step code.

Re: IF/THEN questions

Sajid01 — Sun, 06 Nov 2022 21:57:14 GMT

As mentioned in your post the data set company.usa is being sorted using the by variable dept and the sorted values are in work. temp.
This means all rows having the same value of the variable dept are contiguous.
For clarity consider that the rows for the variable dept="HR" are being processed in the data step.
First question :
First: is IF first.dept the same thing as if first.dept=1 or if first.dept=TRUE? SAS assumes that user mean true .
This statement essentially answers the question : Is this the first value of the department HR?

Second Question :
if nothing is stated after the IF statement like IF last.dept; it just means end everything the IF statement?
This answers the question : Is the value of the variable dept is the last value for dept="HR" ?
If it is indeed the last value then last,dept becomes true.
In this question the values of payroll is being calculated for each department. So when the last value of variable dept is reached (last,dept is true) then the observation or result is output to the dataset budget.
Thus if the source dataset work.temp has two dept's. then the output budget will have two rows.|

Re: IF/THEN questions

Nietzsche — Mon, 07 Nov 2022 21:13:38 GMT

so let me get this straight.

The intention of that subsetting statement without anything code if the IF statement is simply to control the execution (ie, writing to output) only if the subsetting IF is TRUE?

Re: IF/THEN questions

Tom — Mon, 07 Nov 2022 21:24:35 GMT

@Nietzsche wrote:

so let me get this straight.

The intention of that subsetting statement without anything code if the IF statement is simply to control the execution (ie, writing to output) only if the subsetting IF is TRUE?

That is an oversimplification, but in a simple data step you can think of that way.

For example:

data males;
  set sashelp.class ;
  if sex='M';
run;

So that type of usage is what led to the SUBSETTING IF name.

Play around and see how it works.

For example run this data step and check the log.

data males;
   set sashelp.class;
   put  'Before the IF' _n_ = sex= ;
   if sex='M';
   put 'After the IF' _n_= sex= ;
run;

Log:

1419  data males;
1420     set sashelp.class;
1421     put  'Before the IF' _n_ = sex= ;
1422     if sex='M';
1423     put 'After the IF' _n_= sex= ;
1424  run;

Before the IF_N_=1 Sex=M
After the IF_N_=1 Sex=M
Before the IF_N_=2 Sex=F
Before the IF_N_=3 Sex=F
Before the IF_N_=4 Sex=F
Before the IF_N_=5 Sex=M
After the IF_N_=5 Sex=M
Before the IF_N_=6 Sex=M
After the IF_N_=6 Sex=M
Before the IF_N_=7 Sex=F
Before the IF_N_=8 Sex=F
Before the IF_N_=9 Sex=M
After the IF_N_=9 Sex=M
Before the IF_N_=10 Sex=M
After the IF_N_=10 Sex=M
Before the IF_N_=11 Sex=F
Before the IF_N_=12 Sex=F
Before the IF_N_=13 Sex=F
Before the IF_N_=14 Sex=F
Before the IF_N_=15 Sex=M
After the IF_N_=15 Sex=M
Before the IF_N_=16 Sex=M
After the IF_N_=16 Sex=M
Before the IF_N_=17 Sex=M
After the IF_N_=17 Sex=M
Before the IF_N_=18 Sex=M
After the IF_N_=18 Sex=M
Before the IF_N_=19 Sex=M
After the IF_N_=19 Sex=M
NOTE: There were 19 observations read from the data set SASHELP.CLASS.
NOTE: The data set WORK.MALES has 10 observations and 5 variables.

So you can see the second PUT statement only runs on observations where SEX was equal to 'M'.