topic Re: How to pass multiple values to a variable in data step? in SAS Programming

How to pass multiple values to a variable in data step?

David_Billa — Sun, 02 Feb 2020 08:08:20 GMT

Assume I have a variable called FLAG (character variable) for which I have to pass values as follows.

A. First 10 obs should have value 'O'

B. Next 10 obs should have value 'MODO'

C. Last 10 instead should have missing values ' '

E.g.

FLAG

MODO

Any help in providing me the data step for this?

Re: How to pass multiple values to a variable in data step?

Kurt_Bremser — Sun, 02 Feb 2020 08:13:10 GMT

Use the automatic variable _N_ to determine the number of the current observation. Take care to set a proper length for your new variable.

Re: How to pass multiple values to a variable in data step?

David_Billa — Sun, 02 Feb 2020 08:58:12 GMT

Thanks, I would like to slightly tweak the question now. What are the
different ways to pass multiple values to a variable in data step?

Re: How to pass multiple values to a variable in data step?

Kurt_Bremser — Sun, 02 Feb 2020 09:10:57 GMT

You can use a series of if-then-else-if, a select() block, or a format. If you have lots of values to load dynamically from data, a hash object can be the tool of choice.

Re: How to pass multiple values to a variable in data step?

ErikLund_Jensen — Sun, 02 Feb 2020 10:26:47 GMT

Hi @David_Billa

In your example, you are not passing any variables to a new variable. You are creating a new variable not depending on any variables present in the input data set. only the current observation's position, so a different sorting of the same input would yield different results.

as @Kurt_Bremser says, the position can be obtained from the input counter _N_. Note that it is necessary to declare the FLAG variable with a length = 4, because it is given the value 'O' with a length = 1 in the first iteration, so the value 'MODO' would be truncated to 'M' in obs. 11-20.

I would recommend that you get yourself a copy of "The little SAS book". It is an excellent introduction that takes you all the way from newbie to a SAS programmer ready to take on most problems in day-to-day work. Excerpt here:

https://support.sas.com/content/dam/SAS/support/en/books/the-little-sas-book-a-primer-fifth-edition/65423_excerpt.pdf


data have; 
 	do dummy = 1 to 50; output; end;
run;
data want; set have;
	length flag $4;
	if _N_ <= 10 then flag = 'O';
	else if _N_ <= 20 then flag = 'MODO';
	else flag = '';
run;

Re: How to pass multiple values to a variable in data step?

Tom — Sun, 02 Feb 2020 17:45:39 GMT

Variables are not stored independent from datasets. Are taking about creating a NEW dataset? Or adding a new variable to an existing dataset?

Here is straight forward translation of your rules into a data step to create a dataset named WANT with a variable named FLAG.

data want;
  length flag $4 ;
  flag='O';
  do i=1 to 10; output; end;
  flag='MONO';
  do i=1 to 10; output; end;
  flag=' ';
  do i=1 to 10; output; end;
  drop i;
run;

Re: How to pass multiple values to a variable in data step?

David_Billa — Sun, 02 Feb 2020 17:47:14 GMT

I talked about adding a new variable in the existing dataset.

Re: How to pass multiple values to a variable in data step?

Tom — Sun, 02 Feb 2020 17:52:21 GMT

@David_Billa wrote:
I talked about adding a new variable in the existing dataset.

So if you are starting with an existing dataset then you will want to make a new dataset that has the new values.

data want;
  set have;
  row+1;
  length flag $4;
  if 1 <= row <=10 then flag='O';
  else if row <=20 then flag='MONO';
  else if row <=30 then flag=' ';
  else flag=' ';
run;

What do you do if the dataset has 50 observations instead of 30? What if it has only 10 observations? Is there some variable in the existing dataset that can be used to determine how to set the new FLAG variable?