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    <title>topic ADF Lag Length Selection Process in SAS Forecasting and Econometrics</title>
    <link>https://communities.sas.com/t5/SAS-Forecasting-and-Econometrics/ADF-Lag-Length-Selection-Process/m-p/756490#M4208</link>
    <description>&lt;P&gt;hi, i am quite new with SAS and i am struggling to understand the ADF process for selecting the correct number of lags&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;As a first step for the ADF test i tried to identify the correct number of lags that i have to include. I use monthly data, therefore i added ADF=12 lags and run the below code&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;***ADF test***;&lt;BR /&gt;PROC ARIMA DATA= rethouse_reg1 ;&lt;BR /&gt;IDENTIFY VAR = DEPPC_forc&amp;nbsp; STATIONARITY=(ADF=12) ;&lt;BR /&gt;RUN;&lt;BR /&gt;QUIT;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;then i looked at the ADF and Trend Correlation analysis&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;i looked at the trend and correlation analysis graph (see below). My series doesn't have trend (based on the graph) and has mean different than zero (based on table below mean = 6.381432) therefore, i concluded that i have to use the&amp;nbsp;&lt;U&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;single mean&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/SPAN&gt;in ADF.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;After this i looked at the ADF table (see at the bottom) in the single mean model and starting from the bottom (12 lags) I found that the 9 lags are statistical significant (0.0146&amp;lt;0.05).&lt;SPAN&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;U&gt;Based on this i concluded that i have to use 9 lags in the ADF test.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Then i looked at the ACF graph and counted the number of columns which are outside the shed blue area and found&lt;SPAN&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;U&gt;11lags&lt;SPAN&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/U&gt;and i&amp;nbsp;understood that i had to include 11lags for the ADF (compare to 9lags that found earlier)&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;my questions are :&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;1) Is the steps that i followed correct for selecting the appropriate number of lags for the ADF?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;2) If yes, which one of the above results for the correct number of lags i can trust and include in my ADF test and why?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;TABLE width="408"&gt;
&lt;TBODY&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD colspan="2" width="408"&gt;Name of Variable = DEPPC_forc&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="204"&gt;Mean of Working Series&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="204"&gt;6.381432&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="204"&gt;Standard Deviation&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="204"&gt;2.35614&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="204"&gt;Number of Observations&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="204"&gt;277&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;/TBODY&gt;
&lt;/TABLE&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;span class="lia-inline-image-display-wrapper lia-image-align-inline" image-alt="Toni2_2-1627140844800.png" style="width: 852px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://communities.sas.com/t5/image/serverpage/image-id/61678iB5EDF2720C142B77/image-dimensions/852x639?v=v2" width="852" height="639" role="button" title="Toni2_2-1627140844800.png" alt="Toni2_2-1627140844800.png" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;TABLE width="768"&gt;
&lt;TBODY&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD colspan="8" width="768"&gt;ugmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root Tests&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;Type&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;Lags&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;Rho&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;Pr &amp;lt; Rho&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;Tau&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;Pr &amp;lt; Tau&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;F&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;Pr&amp;nbsp;&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;F&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;Zero Mean&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.4318&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.7889&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.37&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.792&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;1&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3733&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.7738&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.7728&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;2&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.0458&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.6719&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.03&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.6726&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;3&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.5249&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5642&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.3&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5756&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;4&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.6041&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5474&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.34&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5629&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;5&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.595&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5493&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.33&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.564&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;6&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.6329&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5414&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.34&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.561&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;7&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.8189&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5049&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.42&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5322&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;8&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-1.4697&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3989&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.65&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.4358&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;9&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-1.5907&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3821&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.68&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.422&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;10&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.8402&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5009&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.43&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5252&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;11&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.5906&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5502&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.33&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5657&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;12&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.145&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.6494&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.12&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.641&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;Single Mean&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.7088&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.6911&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.81&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.8142&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.57&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.9306&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;1&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-3.6673&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5752&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-1.01&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.7512&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.74&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.8816&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;2&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-8.616&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1846&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-1.81&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3773&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;1.82&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.6057&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;3&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-12.848&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0651&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.2&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.2058&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;2.52&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.4246&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;4&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-15.2504&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0354&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.34&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1595&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;2.84&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3433&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;5&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-15.8331&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0305&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.33&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1647&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;2.79&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3552&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;6&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-19.2865&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0127&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.49&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1191&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;3.21&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.2497&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;7&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-25.4427&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0028&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.72&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0731&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;3.78&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1015&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;8&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-45.8484&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0015&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-3.18&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0228&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;5.1&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0347&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;9&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-64.8018&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0015&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-3.34&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;0.0146&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;5.61&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0205&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;10&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-35.3822&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0015&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.8&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0601&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;4&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0875&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;11&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-29.8813&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0015&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.61&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0917&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;3.51&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1724&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;12&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-9.0271&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1669&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-1.7&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.4324&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;1.5&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.6861&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;Trend&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-1.8741&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.9729&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.55&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.9808&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.95&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.9735&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;1&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.8408&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.9428&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.76&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.9668&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.89&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.9788&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;2&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-8.555&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5357&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-1.72&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.7411&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;1.62&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.8528&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;3&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-13.339&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.2423&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.14&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5208&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;2.43&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.6899&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;4&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-16.6115&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1298&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.32&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.423&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;2.8&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.6158&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;5&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-17.441&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1099&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.29&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.4385&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;2.76&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.6237&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;6&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-23.2314&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0324&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.53&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3138&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;3.29&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5173&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;7&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-34.3311&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0025&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.82&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1909&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;4.05&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3633&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;8&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-82.3673&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0006&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-3.35&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0604&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;5.71&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0814&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;9&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-210.116&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0001&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-3.58&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0332&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;6.51&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0441&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;10&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-70.2109&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0006&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.99&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.136&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;4.58&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.2574&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;11&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-59.658&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0006&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.82&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1932&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;4.05&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3632&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;12&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-10.7044&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3831&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-1.6&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.7915&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;1.48&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.8809&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;/TBODY&gt;
&lt;/TABLE&gt;</description>
    <pubDate>Sun, 25 Jul 2021 12:04:05 GMT</pubDate>
    <dc:creator>Toni2</dc:creator>
    <dc:date>2021-07-25T12:04:05Z</dc:date>
    <item>
      <title>ADF Lag Length Selection Process</title>
      <link>https://communities.sas.com/t5/SAS-Forecasting-and-Econometrics/ADF-Lag-Length-Selection-Process/m-p/756490#M4208</link>
      <description>&lt;P&gt;hi, i am quite new with SAS and i am struggling to understand the ADF process for selecting the correct number of lags&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;As a first step for the ADF test i tried to identify the correct number of lags that i have to include. I use monthly data, therefore i added ADF=12 lags and run the below code&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;***ADF test***;&lt;BR /&gt;PROC ARIMA DATA= rethouse_reg1 ;&lt;BR /&gt;IDENTIFY VAR = DEPPC_forc&amp;nbsp; STATIONARITY=(ADF=12) ;&lt;BR /&gt;RUN;&lt;BR /&gt;QUIT;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;then i looked at the ADF and Trend Correlation analysis&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;i looked at the trend and correlation analysis graph (see below). My series doesn't have trend (based on the graph) and has mean different than zero (based on table below mean = 6.381432) therefore, i concluded that i have to use the&amp;nbsp;&lt;U&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;single mean&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/SPAN&gt;in ADF.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;After this i looked at the ADF table (see at the bottom) in the single mean model and starting from the bottom (12 lags) I found that the 9 lags are statistical significant (0.0146&amp;lt;0.05).&lt;SPAN&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;U&gt;Based on this i concluded that i have to use 9 lags in the ADF test.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Then i looked at the ACF graph and counted the number of columns which are outside the shed blue area and found&lt;SPAN&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;U&gt;11lags&lt;SPAN&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/U&gt;and i&amp;nbsp;understood that i had to include 11lags for the ADF (compare to 9lags that found earlier)&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;my questions are :&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;1) Is the steps that i followed correct for selecting the appropriate number of lags for the ADF?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;2) If yes, which one of the above results for the correct number of lags i can trust and include in my ADF test and why?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;TABLE width="408"&gt;
&lt;TBODY&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD colspan="2" width="408"&gt;Name of Variable = DEPPC_forc&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="204"&gt;Mean of Working Series&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="204"&gt;6.381432&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="204"&gt;Standard Deviation&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="204"&gt;2.35614&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="204"&gt;Number of Observations&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="204"&gt;277&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;/TBODY&gt;
&lt;/TABLE&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;span class="lia-inline-image-display-wrapper lia-image-align-inline" image-alt="Toni2_2-1627140844800.png" style="width: 852px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://communities.sas.com/t5/image/serverpage/image-id/61678iB5EDF2720C142B77/image-dimensions/852x639?v=v2" width="852" height="639" role="button" title="Toni2_2-1627140844800.png" alt="Toni2_2-1627140844800.png" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;TABLE width="768"&gt;
&lt;TBODY&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD colspan="8" width="768"&gt;ugmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root Tests&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;Type&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;Lags&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;Rho&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;Pr &amp;lt; Rho&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;Tau&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;Pr &amp;lt; Tau&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;F&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;Pr&amp;nbsp;&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;F&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;Zero Mean&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.4318&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.7889&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.37&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.792&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;1&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3733&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.7738&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.7728&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;2&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.0458&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.6719&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.03&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.6726&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;3&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.5249&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5642&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.3&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5756&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;4&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.6041&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5474&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.34&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5629&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;5&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.595&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5493&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.33&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.564&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;6&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.6329&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5414&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.34&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.561&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;7&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.8189&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5049&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.42&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5322&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;8&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-1.4697&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3989&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.65&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.4358&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;9&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-1.5907&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3821&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.68&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.422&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;10&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.8402&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5009&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.43&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5252&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;11&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.5906&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5502&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.33&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5657&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;12&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.145&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.6494&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.12&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.641&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;Single Mean&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.7088&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.6911&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.81&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.8142&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.57&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.9306&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;1&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-3.6673&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5752&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-1.01&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.7512&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.74&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.8816&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;2&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-8.616&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1846&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-1.81&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3773&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;1.82&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.6057&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;3&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-12.848&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0651&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.2&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.2058&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;2.52&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.4246&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;4&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-15.2504&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0354&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.34&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1595&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;2.84&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3433&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;5&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-15.8331&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0305&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.33&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1647&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;2.79&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3552&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;6&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-19.2865&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0127&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.49&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1191&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;3.21&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.2497&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;7&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-25.4427&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0028&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.72&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0731&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;3.78&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1015&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;8&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-45.8484&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0015&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-3.18&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0228&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;5.1&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0347&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;9&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-64.8018&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0015&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-3.34&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;0.0146&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;5.61&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0205&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;10&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-35.3822&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0015&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.8&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0601&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;4&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0875&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;11&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-29.8813&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0015&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.61&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0917&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;3.51&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1724&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;12&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-9.0271&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1669&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-1.7&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.4324&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;1.5&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.6861&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;Trend&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-1.8741&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.9729&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.55&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.9808&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.95&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.9735&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;1&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.8408&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.9428&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-0.76&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.9668&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.89&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.9788&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;2&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-8.555&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5357&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-1.72&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.7411&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;1.62&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.8528&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;3&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-13.339&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.2423&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.14&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5208&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;2.43&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.6899&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;4&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-16.6115&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1298&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.32&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.423&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;2.8&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.6158&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;5&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-17.441&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1099&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.29&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.4385&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;2.76&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.6237&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;6&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-23.2314&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0324&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.53&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3138&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;3.29&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.5173&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;7&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-34.3311&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0025&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.82&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1909&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;4.05&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3633&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;8&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-82.3673&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0006&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-3.35&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0604&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;5.71&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0814&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;9&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-210.116&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0001&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-3.58&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0332&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;6.51&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0441&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;10&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-70.2109&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0006&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.99&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.136&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;4.58&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.2574&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;11&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-59.658&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.0006&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-2.82&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.1932&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;4.05&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3632&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;12&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-10.7044&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.3831&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;-1.6&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.7915&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;1.48&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width="96"&gt;0.8809&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;/TBODY&gt;
&lt;/TABLE&gt;</description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 25 Jul 2021 12:04:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://communities.sas.com/t5/SAS-Forecasting-and-Econometrics/ADF-Lag-Length-Selection-Process/m-p/756490#M4208</guid>
      <dc:creator>Toni2</dc:creator>
      <dc:date>2021-07-25T12:04:05Z</dc:date>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Re: ADF Lag Length Selection Process</title>
      <link>https://communities.sas.com/t5/SAS-Forecasting-and-Econometrics/ADF-Lag-Length-Selection-Process/m-p/756511#M4209</link>
      <description>&lt;P&gt;Hello,&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I do not master the peculiarities and intricacies of the ADF test anymore. I did, but I haven't used it since a long time.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;It takes a while before you can fluently use it (in my case at least).&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;However, I think this paper may help you out :&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Paper 3294-2015&lt;BR /&gt;An Introduction to Testing for Unit Roots Using SAS®:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The Case of U.S. National Health Expenditures&lt;BR /&gt;Donald McCarthy, Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="https://support.sas.com/resources/papers/proceedings15/3294-2015.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;https://support.sas.com/resources/papers/proceedings15/3294-2015.pdf&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;There are 10 occurrences of 'lag length' in the paper and a macro that implements the&amp;nbsp;Ng and Perron (2001) approach.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Ng, S and P. Perron. 2001. “Lag Length Selection and the Construction of Unit Root Tests with Good Size and Power.” Econometrica, Vol. 69, No. 6: 1519–1554.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;There's also a&amp;nbsp;a rule of thumb based on the number of observations in the sample.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Good luck,&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Koen&lt;/P&gt;</description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 25 Jul 2021 16:33:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://communities.sas.com/t5/SAS-Forecasting-and-Econometrics/ADF-Lag-Length-Selection-Process/m-p/756511#M4209</guid>
      <dc:creator>sbxkoenk</dc:creator>
      <dc:date>2021-07-25T16:33:43Z</dc:date>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Re: ADF Lag Length Selection Process</title>
      <link>https://communities.sas.com/t5/SAS-Forecasting-and-Econometrics/ADF-Lag-Length-Selection-Process/m-p/756527#M4210</link>
      <description>hi there, thank you. i am going to have a look at this. I have searched on google and to be honest there is no one clear guidance on the steps that have to be followed (or it is not clear to me). The same happens with the ADF approach. Many people try to explain but they miss to provide crucial details. Anyway, i am going to have a look. thanks again</description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 25 Jul 2021 18:22:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://communities.sas.com/t5/SAS-Forecasting-and-Econometrics/ADF-Lag-Length-Selection-Process/m-p/756527#M4210</guid>
      <dc:creator>Toni2</dc:creator>
      <dc:date>2021-07-25T18:22:24Z</dc:date>
    </item>
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