topic Question about Aggregation and Accumulation in the Forecasting in SAS Forecasting and Econometrics

Question about Aggregation and Accumulation in the Forecasting

Jade_SAS — Mon, 11 Dec 2017 16:52:20 GMT

Hi All,

I'm forecasting next week visit (11/21/2017-11/27/2017) based on the visit history data I have, and I am considering holidays (1 is holiday and 0 is not) in the forecasting.

I have several questions of the Aggregation and Accumulation:

1) What's the difference between Aggregation and Accumulation in the Forecasting?

2) In my example below, the hierarchy is Total----Location---Department.

For the dependent variables "Visits" I think I will choose "Sum of Values" for Aggregation and Accumulation

But I am not sure about the independent variable "Holidays", what should I choose for Aggregation and Accumulation of variable "Holidays" ? Maybe choose "Average of Values" (See details in attachments)? Any comments are welcome!

The data structure I have is below:

Date	Location	department	Visits	Holidays
1/1/2010	A	child	30	1
1/1/2010	A	Adult	50	1
1/1/2010	B	child	20	1
1/1/2010	B	Adult	30	1
1/2/2010	A	child	200	0
1/2/2010	A	Adult	300	0
1/2/2010	B	child	200	0
1/2/2010	B	Adult	350	0
1/3/2010	A	child	100	0
1/3/2010	A	Adult	300	0
1/3/2010	B	child	100	0
1/3/2010	B	Adult	350	0
Values going on	Values going on	Values going on	Values going on	Values going on
11/20/2017	A	child	100	0
11/20/2017	A	Adult	200	0
11/20/2017	B	child	100	0
11/20/2017	B	Adult	250	0
11/21/2017	A	child	.	0
11/21/2017	A	Adult	.	0
11/21/2017	B	child	.	0
11/21/2017	B	Adult	.	0
11/22/2017	A	child	.	0
11/22/2017	A	Adult	.	0
11/22/2017	B	child	.	0
11/22/2017	B	Adult	.	0
11/23/2017	A	child	.	1
11/23/2017	A	Adult	.	1
11/23/2017	B	child	.	1
11/23/2017	B	Adult	.	1
11/24/2017	A	child	.	0
11/24/2017	A	Adult	.	0
11/24/2017	B	child	.	0
11/24/2017	B	Adult	.	0
11/25/2017	A	child	.	0
11/25/2017	A	Adult	.	0
11/25/2017	B	child	.	0
11/25/2017	B	Adult	.	0
11/26/2017	A	child	.	0
11/26/2017	A	Adult	.	0
11/26/2017	B	child	.	0
11/26/2017	B	Adult	.	0
11/27/2017	A	child	.	0
11/27/2017	A	Adult	.	0
11/27/2017	B	child	.	0
11/27/2017	B	Adult	.	0

Thanks,

Jade

Re: Question about Aggregation and Accumulation in the Forecasting

mitrov — Tue, 12 Dec 2017 14:53:52 GMT

Hi Jade,

By ACCUMULATION it is intended how the data is "aggregated" over time. For example, if you have data at daily interval, and you convert it to weekly interval, you are accumulating your data.

"Aggregation" is the aggregation over the levels of your hierarchy. "Total", is the aggregation of all the levels below.

Typically you choose aggregation=accumulation=total for the dependent variable, and aggregation=accumulation=average for the independent variable, but it is the context that dictates what to use. In the case of holidays I would chose average.

Are you using Forecast Studio? I suppose you are aware that Forecast Server can generate the holiday variables for you.

Cheers

Michele

Re: Question about Aggregation and Accumulation in the Forecasting

Puwang — Tue, 12 Dec 2017 15:04:24 GMT

1) In short:

>> Aggregation is aggregating along the hierarchy, i.e., from low level to high level in the hierarchy

>> Accumulation refers to accumulate by time domain, i.e., from higher frequency (daily) to lower frequency (weekly). It is not dependent on whether you have a hierarchy

In details, accumulation can be either of the following:

• the process of converting a time series that has no fixed interval into a time series that has a fixed interval (such as hourly or monthly)

• the process of converting a time series that has a fixed interval into a time series with a lower frequency time interval (such as hourly into daily)

2) For Holidays, if you treat it as a dummy variable, I suggest you use MIN, MAX or N to do aggregation or accumulation.

Re: Question about Aggregation and Accumulation in the Forecasting

Jade_SAS — Wed, 13 Dec 2017 02:25:17 GMT

Thank you Michele and Puwang!